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• W251333041 abstract "INTRODUCTION In June 1990, in the first free multi-party elections in post-communist Bulgaria, the former Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP), recently renamed Socialist (BSP), won 211 seats in the Grand National Assembly. Only a few months had elapsed since the ouster of the Zhivkov regime on 10 November 1989 and the subsequent changes seemed to suggest a sincere commitment of the political elites to democracy. As deplorable as it was as a historical fact, the almost immediate comeback of the former Communists demonstrated the power of public relations in a society in transition. Before the elections, some political analysts predicted that given a free choice, most Bulgarians would welcome the opportunity to rid themselves of the oppressive regime by exercising their right to vote. After the elections, it became clear that the historical precedent of Communist dictatorship had become an internalized habit, something akin to a Bulgarian national trait, which could not be eradicated easily. In fact, during the election campaign, party strategists had heavily invested precisely in that well-recognized human fear and confusion at the advent of anything new. To justify their own political metamorphosis, they advocated, on behalf of the people, gradual social reform. In what resembled an uncontested social contract with the BSP elite, the people, as the election results illustrated, found it easier to swallow a transition, which like credit, came in increments, rather than in a lump sum. The BSP propagandized the Bulgarian electorate through its successful public relations campaign. Its challenge was not mere party survival, but the preservation of power by all available means. But in a society accustomed to dictatorial practices such goals are not hard to accomplish, especially given the strong hold of the Communist Party on the state, its resources, and its people. In this context, it was not difficult for party strategists to simulate reform, nor was it hard for them to implement some changes, whose ultimate goal was to maintain the status quo. The pretense of democracy, and an emerging democracy at that, it turned out, was sufficient to lull the popular mind into thinking that the country was on well on its way to a democratic development and that a simple name change could actually alter the corrupt nature of partocracy. Amidst cataclysmic geopolitical changes on the international arena the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) transformed itself into the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and publicly repositioned itself as a democratic participant in a global community. Despite the ensuing socio-political turmoil and demoralizing financial instability, which crippled its counterparts in other Eastern European countries, the BSP presented a new image to the world and to the Bulgarian people. To many skeptic Bulgarians, scarred by the survival wisdom of totalitarianism, the Communist/Socialist party's electoral victory confirmed the popular adage that every people deserves their government. To the many in the West who had cheered the advent of the post Cold War era, the election results were, to say the least, puzzling. But, as the St. Louis Post-Dispatch astutely headlined, Free Elections Do Not Mean Freedom.(1) On several occasions prior to the elections, international news agencies dutifully covered the fact that the inequality of election resources of the former Communist party and the newly fledged opposition worried the United States.(2) Reportedly, in Bulgaria, the Central Electoral Commission received complaints of 1,138 violations, especially in the countryside. Desperately seeking global glasnost, the opposition Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) published a text documenting the violations and the intimidation tactics used by the Communists.(3) Earlier, the Independent, among other papers, gave voice to allegations of ballot manipulation.(4) Yet, most Western observers monitoring the fairness of the process, concluded, somewhat reluctantly, that overall, the elections had been fair. …" @default.
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• W251333041 date "1998-06-01" @default.
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• W251333041 title "From Proletariat to People: Public Relations Metamorphosis of the Bulgarian Communist Party and Its Political Tribune before the First Free Multi-Party Elections in 1990" @default.
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