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- W2513494236 abstract "Understanding such apparently complex processes as learning and memory may seem a formidable task, but the neuronal signalling systems involved in these processes are likely to share basic components with other, more tractable physiological processes. This is exemplified by the phenomenon known as long-term potentiation (LTP). Brain cells communicate with each other through specialized cell-to-cell contact points known as synaptic terminals. At a synapse, the exocytotic release of signalling molecules from the presynaptic terminal is coupled to a postsynaptic response. LTP refers to the strengthening of this synaptic transmission that is manifested as a long-lasting increase in the postsynaptic response, and is thought by many to be a cellular correlate of memory. LTP can be divided into at least two steps: first, induction, the process by which LTP is triggered; and second, maintenance, the process by which a synapse is altered to increase its efficiency during LTP [1]. Four different intercellular signalling molecules have been implicated as the intercellular messenger molecule involved in the maintenance of LTP: the fatty acid arachidonic acid; nitric oxide (NO), originally identified as 'endothelium-derived relaxing factor', which causes dilation of blood vessels; carbon monoxide (CO); and platelet-activating factor (PAF). LTP occurs at synapses that use glutamate as the transmitter, and is induced by Ca 2+ influx through the NMDA subclass of postsynaptic glutamate receptors, socalled because of its selectivity for the glutamate analog, N-methyl-D-aspartate. Although the induction of LT' has been clearly shown to take place at the postsynaptic cell, the site of maintenance of LTP has been the subject of much controversy. The enhancement of synaptic strength may be maintained by increased transmitter release at the presynaptic terminal, or alternatively, by increased sensitivity of the postsynaptic receptors to released glutamate. Most researchers now agree that both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of LTP [1i. As LTP is triggered postsynaptically, the existence of a presynaptic mechanism requires a retrograde signal to be sent to the presynaptic terminal (Fig. 1). This is where our candidate retrograde messengers come into play." @default.
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- W2513494236 date "1994-01-01" @default.
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- W2513494236 title "Platelet-activating factor is the latest candidate retrograde messenger involved in transmitting a signal from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic cell during long-term potentiation." @default.
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