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• W251437112 abstract "The efficiency of the activated sludge process is dependent on the solids-liquid separation of the sludge from the treated water. In the activated sludge process, separation of the cell mass from the liquid medium is normally done by bioflocculation and gravity settling. This process is dependent on the flocculation properties of the sludge. Sometimes small flocs are formed with a density very close to that of water and cannot be separated by settling. Several factors affect the stability of the activated sludge flocs such as surface charge properties, hydrophobicity, amount and composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and ionic composition. The influence of surface charge is particularly important since the stability of activated sludge flocs is governed by general rules for colloidal interactions. This will affect the state of flocculation and sedimentation. In activated sludge the bacteria that perform the biological transformations of the organic pollutants in the wastewater form spontaneously aggregates. Depending on the composition of these flocs, they can have different surface charge. According to the DLVO theory for colloidal stability, the degree of interaction between colloidal surfaces is dependent on the surface potential. In general, most colloids or particles in natural waters, including activated sludge flocs, have a negative surface charge. It is assumed that the optimal conditions for flocculation occur when the surface charge is close to neutrality since the repulsive forces between the approaching colloidal surfaces then is smaller. Activated sludge plants are very dynamic processes. Hence, the environmental factors such as temperature, ionic composition and organic composition changes over time. Consequently, also the floc properties such as surface charge vary since it depends on the composition of the sludge flocs and the surrounding water. Due to the high complexity of activated sludge flocs and their heterogeneous structure, it is difficult to measure surface charge. The aim of this study was to investigate the colloidal titration method for the measurement of surface charge of activated sludge flocs. Two set-ups of the methods were compared: 1) manual titration with detection of end-point visually and 2) automatic titration using a spectrophotometer to more precisely determine the end-point. The results show that there are several problems involved in the method of colloidal titration. The variation in the values of negative surface charge was larger for the manual titration than for the automatic titration with standard deviations in the same order of magnitude as the values of negative surface charge. In the manual titration procedure, higher values of negative surface charge were obtained when less amount of sludge was titrated. This was not the case for the automatic titration were the sludge mass had no large influence of the obtained value of surface charge. In both methods of titrations, more PVSK to Cat-Floc was needed to neutralise the surface charge when less Cal-floc was dosed. Key wordsactivated sludge, flocs, surface charge, colloidal titration" @default.
• W251437112 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W251437112 creator A5043501532 @default.
• W251437112 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W251437112 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W251437112 title "Evaluation of Colloidal Titration for the Determination of Surface Charge of Activated Sludge Flocs" @default.
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