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- W2514954030 abstract "Recent research on diffusion in rugged terrain is reviewed, with emphasis on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Complex Terrain Model Development Program and the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Atmospheric Studies in Complex Terrain Program. It is shown how fluid modeling studies, field experiments, and theoretical model development programs have led to practical diffusion models, such as the EPA’s Complex Terrain Diffusion Model (CTDM). This model uses the concept of a dividing-streamline height to separate the flow below this height that cannot rise over the hill from the flow above this height that does lift over the hill; however, neither CTDM nor any of the other simpler models treat any terrain beyond the “first hill.” This chapter also covers statistical evaluation of rugged terrain diffusion models, special studies of flow and dispersion down slopes and valleys, and methods of including diffusion in mesoscale flow models for rugged terrain. It is seen that progress in most of these research areas is in a preliminary stage, and that field verification of fundamental concepts and models is minimal. The best diffusion models typically have an error of ±30% in simulating the maximum and mean concentrations, have a root mean square error that is the same order as the mean, and yield a correlation coefficient of about 0.50. The influences of external meteorology, such as subsidence, gravity waves, multivalley circulations, sea breezes, and pooling are also not well understood. There are a few mesoscale wind field models available that can be used in conjunction with statistical particle dispersion models to estimate dispersion in complex terrain where the flow field is significantly altered by the terrain. Although these models have not been adequately tested, they are potentially very useful because they can be applied to terrain past the first hill." @default.
- W2514954030 created "2016-09-16" @default.
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- W2514954030 date "1990-01-01" @default.
- W2514954030 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
- W2514954030 title "Rugged Terrain Effects on Diffusion" @default.
- W2514954030 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-25-6_6" @default.
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