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- W2515461034 abstract "25 Lipids and their various components such as cholesterol, fatty acids, and lipoproteins are essential for our well being by providing nutrient calories and by serving as important building blocks for various life processes. Lipids are essential for the cell membrane; for the sheath that surrounds nerves; as the basic molecule for synthesizing and secreting steroids by the adrenal, gonads and placenta; as important participants in the immune recognition of foreign invaders and the mediation of inflammation via T-lymphocytes. No discussion of the problems of excess cholesterol, its relationship to atherosclerotic heart disease and its treatment can take place without some simple review of the metabolism of lipoproteins and of cholesterol. Most of our lipoproteins enter via the diet and undergo a series of enzymatic degradations via lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase and other enzymes that ultimately result in their ability to be used as nutrient substrates or to be taken up by the cells in the liver and in the periphery. Cholesterol uptake is mostly mediated via the LDL receptor which recognizes LDL with its aproprotein. This enables generation of free cholesterol within the cell which acts to suppress further cholesterol synthesis and to decrease LDL receptors. Therefore, a drug such as a statin which interferes with a key step in cholesterol synthesis, will result in a decrease of intercellular cholesterol and up regulation in LDL receptors with an increase in the clearance of cholesterol from the blood. This simple scheme won the Nobel Prize for Drs. Goldstein and Brown and is the entire basis for the use of statins which are rapidly emerging as the primary treatment for increased cholesterol throughout the world. The HDL cholesterol, so called “good” cholesterol, can be taken up for synthesis of bile acids within the liver and by the adrenal glands, testes, ovaries and placenta for steroid synthesis. Abnormalities in the concentrations of cholesterol and other lipid moieties can only arise by increased production, decreased removal or combination of these two things. These entities can either be genetically determined via defective steps in the enzymes or receptors or by diseases which interfere with lipid metabolism. Amongst these, the most preventable cause is hypothyroidism and diabetes. Always consider SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT HIGH CHOLESTEROL IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Mark A. Sperling M.D. Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. USA." @default.
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- W2515461034 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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- W2515461034 title "SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT HIGH CHOLESTEROL IN CHILDRENAND ADOLESCENTS" @default.
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