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• W2517392912 abstract "Dr. Enateri V. Alakpa will be relocating to Sweden to assume a postdoctoral research associate position at the Department for Integrative Medical Biology at Umeå University to research biomaterials for facilitating the repair of peripheral-nerve and spinal-cord injury. Prior to this, she worked with Prof. Maggie Cusack on a Medical Research Council grant to explore the characteristics of invertebrate biomineralized tissues, specifically mollusk shells, and how these can be adapted for engineering bone tissue. She completed her PhD training (2014) in cell and tissue engineering with Profs. Matthew Dalby and Rein Ulijn at the University of Glasgow, UK. Dr. Enateri V. Alakpa will be relocating to Sweden to assume a postdoctoral research associate position at the Department for Integrative Medical Biology at Umeå University to research biomaterials for facilitating the repair of peripheral-nerve and spinal-cord injury. Prior to this, she worked with Prof. Maggie Cusack on a Medical Research Council grant to explore the characteristics of invertebrate biomineralized tissues, specifically mollusk shells, and how these can be adapted for engineering bone tissue. She completed her PhD training (2014) in cell and tissue engineering with Profs. Matthew Dalby and Rein Ulijn at the University of Glasgow, UK. Having done my PhD in cell and tissue engineering, I am a molecular biologist by trade. According to the aims and scope outlined by Chem, the journal “publishes work from across the chemical sciences and at the interfaces between chemistry and other disciplines.” I work at that aforementioned interface and hope to shed some light on the potential for synergistic research where new chemistry helps drive new biological insight and discovery to the readership. It is, after all, how I arrived here . My career path is one that has continually interfaced with a number of disciplines, and it is something that I would recommend to others. Prior to making a leap across to academia, I spent a number of years learning the ropes within the industry sector. I had completed my bachelors in biochemistry before moving on to work for a company that specialized mainly in analytical chemistry and, after that, reverse drug discovery and toxicology— all very different disciplines that occupy very different niches. Making the change from one to the other, especially moving from industry to the academic sector, is somewhat like falling through a rabbit hole and then adjusting to a set of new rules on your way down. But it wasn’t until I was some time into my PhD, which afforded me with the most creative freedom, that I realized fully just how advantageous this had been. My research centered on interactions at the cell-material interface: the design, synthesis, and optimization of biocompatible materials to influence or guide behavior at a cellular level, a space where small beginnings can, and do, inevitably lead to big things. Altering and fine tuning the relative deformability, surface patterning, and chemical composition of a biomaterial can drastically alter the physical characteristic of a cell, resulting in differences in its survival ability, gene expression patterns, differentiation type, and functionality.1Dalby M.J. Andar A. Nag A. Affrossman S. Tare R. McFarlane S. Oreffo R.O.C. J. R. Soc. Interface. 2008; 5: 1055-1065Crossref PubMed Scopus (83) Google Scholar, 2Discher D.E. Janmey P. Wang Y.L. Science. 2005; 310: 1139-1143Crossref PubMed Scopus (4802) Google Scholar, 3Engler A.J. Sen S. Sweeney H.L. Discher D.E. Cell. 2006; 126: 677-689Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (10276) Google Scholar, 4McMurray R.J. Gadegaard N. Tsimbouri P.M. Burgess K.V. McNamara L.E. Tare R. Murawski K. Kingham E. Oreffo R.O.C. Dalby M.J. Nat. Mater. 2011; 10: 637-644Crossref PubMed Scopus (638) Google Scholar Historically, differentiation of stem cells in vitro has primarily been achieved through soluble chemistry where compounds are “fed” to the cells via the culture media. This system, although proven effective, introduces a notable bias in forcing behavioral change. Comparatively, designing biomaterials to encourage a specific cell response lacks the inflexibility of the former, because cells actively explore their outer environment and react as best suits them, often in terms of morphology (how they align themselves and take shape), migration patterns, activation in macrophages, and differentiation in stem cells, for example. Changes in cellular kinetics and metabolism to elicit these reactions are brought on by the cells themselves. This allows a degree of self-determination, if you will. This non-invasive procedure of influencing stem cell behavior naturally allows a platform for exploring richly divergent but, most importantly, innate cell biochemistries as they adopt different cell lineages on differentiation and can be profiled by a number of analytical techniques sensitive enough to detect these changes (Figure 1). The biomaterial becomes the key starting point for eliciting and monitoring what happens at the cell-material interface, and factors such as hydration, porosity, and mechanical integrity are essential to guiding developmental responses in vitro for creating a model material.5Jayawarna V. Richardson S.M. Hirst A.R. Hodson N.W. Saiani A. Gough J.E. Ulijn R.V. Acta Biomater. 2009; 5: 934-943Crossref PubMed Scopus (255) Google Scholar, 6Ulijn R.V. Bibi N. Jayawarna V. Thornton P.D. Todd S.J. Mart R.J. Smith A.M. Gough J.E. Mater. Today. 2007; 10: 40-48Crossref Scopus (415) Google Scholar Because biomaterials have profound effects on cellular behavior, precision and attention to detail in the assembly and development of biomaterials, especially at the nanoscale, have naturally garnered much interest in cell and tissue engineering. Thus, molecular biologists are moving into atypical territory. The ideal material for creating a drug-discovery platform for biological small molecules that drive stem cell differentiation has not previously existed. The collaboration between chemists and biologists has allowed us to discuss the required properties and to design material systems by using chemistry. Design suddenly moves a wholesome biologist into the field of surface patterning, adhesion chemistries, and much more. Working at the cell-material interface means straddling these worlds and finding out how they come together. This in itself fosters being multidisciplinary—you do not simply fall through the rabbit hole, so to speak; instead, you spend a lot of time wandering through and tending to it. So then, for all its peculiarities and mental adjustments, how has the crisscrossing of scientific disciplines (as well as academia and industry) enabled me thus far? In a nutshell, it has offered a broader perspective on capabilities and opportunities, has helped me develop a better sense of measuring and taking risks, and most importantly, has fostered creativity. In other words, a chemist’s biomaterial is not a clinician’s biomaterial or a biologist’s biomaterial, and more often than not, the answer is one that traverses all boundaries. How many “corridors” you wander, however, is something that is very much up to the individual and the choices he or she makes. An approach of getting around this is through identifying the potential application(s) of your research or design. Application-driven research connotes a common goal. Approaching it through fostering differing disciplines means that the goal can be reached in any number of ways, also highlighting the importance of collaborative projects. This is definitely a powerful way of bridging disciplines, and I would always encourage collaborations that make you reach beyond your comfort zone. Tunable Supramolecular Hydrogels for Selection of Lineage-Guiding Metabolites in Stem Cell CulturesAlakpa et al.ChemJuly 27, 2016In BriefTo facilitate metabolomics analysis of stem cell differentiation, Alakpa et al. designed supramolecular hydrogels with tunable stiffness but simple chemical functionality. These gels facilitate stiffness-tuned stem cell differentiation without having to rely on biochemical functionalization. They could be used for surveying the usage of biological small molecules during differentiation and have potential as drug candidates. The identification of candidate bioactives targeting bone and cartilage formation from perivascular and mesenchymal stem cells opens a potential new area of using supramolecular biomaterials as a platform for drug discovery. Full-Text PDF Open Archive" @default.
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