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• W2519463432 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 101, No. 1First Report of Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Pomegranate Wilt in Pakistan PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Pomegranate Wilt in PakistanM. W. Alam, M. L. Gleason, S. Mehboob, K. Riaz, and A. RehmanM. W. AlamSearch for more papers by this author, M. L. GleasonSearch for more papers by this author, S. MehboobSearch for more papers by this author, K. RiazSearch for more papers by this author, and A. RehmanSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. W. Alam , Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan M. L. Gleason , Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Ames, IA S. Mehboob , Plant Pathology Research Institute, AARI Faisalabad, Pakistan K. Riaz A. Rehman , Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. Published Online:24 Oct 2016https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-16-0835-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In Pakistan, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is cultivated on 11,200 ha. During an August 2015 survey in Punjab Province, a new disease was observed causing 21% loss of trees in 50 orchards. Initial symptoms appeared only on shoots; later, leaves turned yellow, then wilted. In severe cases, defoliation and dieback was accompanied by black streaks in the xylem, followed by death of the tree. The disease was more severe in older (>15 years) than in younger plantings. A fungus was consistently isolated from roots and the base of trunks by placing excised segments of discolored xylem tissue on carrot disks that had been surface sterilized in 100 ppm streptomycin solution. Single conidia were subcultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and incubated at 25°C with alternating 12-h periods of light and dark. Two types of conidia were produced after 5 days: primary conidia (cylindrical, hyaline, 8 to 12 × 3 to 6 μm) and secondary conidia (hyaline, barrel-shaped, 8 to 12 × 5 to 7 μm). Endoconidiophores with primary conidia were 10.5 to 35.5 × 2.6 to 5.2 μm. Perithecia produced on carrot discs were dark brown to black, and the base was 153 to 281 μm in diameter. Ascomatal necks were 514 to 653 µm long, dark brown to black, lighter in color at apices, tapering from base (25 to 48 μm diameter) to apex (14 to 26 μm diameter). Ostiolar hyphae were 43 to 81 μm long. Ascospores were hyaline, hat shaped, 3 to 4 μm long, and accumulated in a sticky matrix at the tips of perithecial necks. Mycelium was initially hyaline but became dark greenish brown after 7 days. Dark brown, thick-walled aleuroconidia (11 to 14 × 9 to 12 μm) appeared on culture plates after 2 months. Based on morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Ceratocystis fimbriata (Engelbrecht and Harrington 2005). Using ITS1-F/ITS4 primers, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced. GenBank BLAST revealed that ITS sequence (accession no. KX703025) was 99% identical to C. fimbriata accession no. AM712447 from China. Pathogenicity testing was conducted on 6-month-old pomegranate seedlings (cv. Kandahari) in plastic pots containing sandy soil. A 5-mm-diameter plug from the edge of a 13-day-old fungal culture on MEA was inserted into a slit (5 mm wide × 7.5 mm long) in the bark, and the wound was covered with moist cotton and secured with Parafilm to maintain humidity. Thirty seedlings were inoculated; controls were nine seedlings inoculated with sterile MEA plugs. There were three replications of each treatment. Seedlings were incubated at 65 to 85% RH and 25°C in a greenhouse. After 17 days, 65% of the inoculated seedlings had wilted; the fungus was consistently reisolated from lesions produced above and below the point of inoculation, and morphological characteristics were identical to the original isolates. No symptoms were observed on the control seedlings. The fungus has been associated with Mangiferae indica and Dalbergia sissoo wilt in Pakistan (Harrington et al. 2015; Poussio et al. 2010). To our knowledge, this is the first report of pomegranate wilt in Pakistan, where it is a serious threat to the pomegranate industry of Punjab Province. Pomegranate wilt caused by C. fimbriata was reported in India and China (Huang et al. 2003; Somasekhara 1999).References:Engelbrecht, C. J. B., and Harrington, T. C. 2005. Mycologia 97:57. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.57 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHarrington, T. C., et al. 2015. Plant Dis. 99:106. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0056-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarHuang, Q., et al. 2003. Plant Dis. 87:1150. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.9.1150B Link, ISI, Google ScholarPoussio, G. B., et al. 2010. Aus. Pl. Dis. 5:63. https://doi.org/10.1071/DN10023 Crossref, Google ScholarSomasekhara, Y. M. 1999. Plant Dis. 83:400. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.4.400B Link, Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 101, No. 1 January 2017SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 22 Dec 2016Published: 24 Oct 2016First Look: 12 Sep 2016Accepted: 2 Sep 2016 Pages: 251-251 Information© 2017 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byMolecular Characterization and Genetic Variation in Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. and Halst. on Pomegranate5 December 2022 | Journal of Fungi, Vol. 8, No. 12First Report of Eucalyptus Wilt Caused by Chalaropsis thielavioides in ChinaK. C. Xu, R. Q. Zhang, X. Li, J. L. Zhang, H. Zhao, and Q. Huang20 July 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 8First Record of Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Quick Wilt of Calotropis gigantea in PakistanTanvir Ahmad, Qiaohui Zeng, Yongquan Zheng, Anam Moosa, Chengrong Nie, and Yang Liu21 April 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 106, No. 6Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis manginecans in inoculated Acacia roots4 September 2021 | Indian Phytopathology, Vol. 75, No. 1Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumCeratocystis wilt in Chukrasia tabularis in Vietnam: identification, pathogenicity and host tolerance29 October 2020 | Australasian Plant Pathology, Vol. 50, No. 1First Report of Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Wilt of Loquat in PakistanM. W. Alam, A. Rehman, M. S. Haider, M. L. Gleason, H. Rosli, M. Saira, S. M. Khan, S. Aslam, M. A. Khan, A. Hameed, and S. Sarfraz27 July 2018 | Plant Disease, Vol. 102, No. 10First Report of Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Eucalyptus Wilt in PakistanM. W. Alam, A. Rehman, M. Iqbal, M. Saira, S. Aslam, S. Muhammad, A. Hameed, and M. L. Gleason23 March 2017 | Plant Disease, Vol. 101, No. 6" @default.
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