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• W2521033997 abstract "Background: Sociality has many rewards, but can also be dangerous, as high population density and low geneticdiversity, common in social insects, is ideal for parasite transmission. Despite this risk, honeybees and othersequenced social insects have far fewer canonical immune genes relative to solitary insects. Social protection frominfection, including behavioral responses, may explain this depauperate immune repertoire. Here, based on fullgenome sequences, we describe the immune repertoire of two ecologically and commercially importantbumblebee species that diverged approximately 18 million years ago, the North American Bombus impatiens andEuropean Bombus terrestris.Results: We find that the immune systems of these bumblebees, two species of honeybee, and a solitaryleafcutting bee, are strikingly similar. Transcriptional assays confirm the expression of many of these genes in animmunological context and more strongly in young queens than males, affirming Bateman’s principle of greaterinvestment in female immunity. We find evidence of positive selection in genes encoding antiviral responses,components of the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways, and serine protease inhibitors in both social and solitary bees.Finally, we detect many genes across pathways that differ in selection between bumblebees and honeybees, orbetween the social and solitary clades.Conclusions: The similarity in immune complement across a gradient of sociality suggests that a reduced immunerepertoire predates the evolution of sociality in bees. The differences in selection on immune genes likely reflectdivergent pressures exerted by parasites across social contexts" @default.
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• W2521033997 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2521033997 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2521033997 title "A depauperate immune repertoire precedesevolution of sociality in bees" @default.
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