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- W2521741875 abstract "Despite the clinical importance of macular thickness for the diagnosis and follow-up of macular diseases (Eriksson et al. 2009; Chopovska et al. 2011; Barrio-Barrio et al. 2013), studies addressing a potential genetic influence have been scarce so far (Chamberlain et al. 2006; Kwun et al. 2011). We therefore conducted this study to assess a potential association between the macular thickness in children and both their parents. The prospective cross-sectional observational study included 92 healthy Chinese children (45 boys) and their parents. Mean age of the children was 9.9 ± 2.8 years (range: 7–16 years), mean maternal age was 38.9 ± 3.5 years (range: 32–48 years), and mean paternal age was 40.7 ± 3.7 years (range: 34–53 years). Only one eye per study participant was included into the statistical analysis. The Medical Ethics Committee of the Beijing Tongren Hospital approved the study protocol, and all participants including the parents of all children gave informed consent. Exclusion criteria were a best-corrected visual acuity lower than 0.8, a refractive error larger than ± 7.0 dioptres, an intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg, any ocular abnormality. All study participants underwent an ophthalmic examination including non-cycloplegic refractometry, slit assisted biomicroscopy of the anterior and posterior sector of the eye, tonometry, biometry (Axis IIPR, Quantel Medical, Clermont-Ferrand, France), fundus photography and spectraldomain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Spectralis OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The OCT examination was performed twice by the same operator, who had previously examined more than 3000 patients in the routine hospital work. The mean of both measurements was taken for statistical analysis. Scan modes were the star pattern and volume scan. All retinal morphometric parameters did not differ significantly between the boys and girls. All retinal parameters measured by OCT did not differ significantly between the children and the mothers, while all retinal parameters, except for the outer ring volume, were significantly larger in the fathers′ group than in the children's group. In multivariate linear regression analysis, after dropping fathers′ minimal foveal thickness (p = 0.59) and fathers′ age (p = 0.41), maternal axial length (p = 0.31), children axial length (p = 0.57) and maternal age (p = 0.24), children′s thicker minimal foveal thickness was significantly associated with thicker maternal minimal foveal thickness (p < 0.001) and older children′s age (p = 0.04), while paternal foveal thickness was not significantly associated (p = 0.24). If gender was added to the list of independent variables, thicker minimal foveal thickness of the children remained to be significantly associated with older age [p < 0.001; standardized regression coefficient β: 0.32; non-standardized regression coefficient B: 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 2.45] and thicker maternal minimal foveal thickness (p < 0.001; β: 0.59; B: 0.67; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.87), while gender was not significant associated (p = 0.78). If maternal minimal foveal thickness was replaced by paternal minimal foveal thickness, the latter was not significant with minimal foveal thickness of the children with adjustment for older age (p = 0.02) and without adjusting for gender (p = 0.29) or after additionally adjusting for gender (p = 0.33). Also in univariate analysis, the retinal measurements of the fathers were not significantly associated with retinal measurements of the mothers (minimal foveal thickness: p = 0.98; foveal thickness: p = 0.73; foveal volume: p = 0.61; all other retinal measurements: all p > 0.20). The same held true for the axial length determinations (p = 0.36). Similar results were obtained for the measurements of retinal thickness and volume in the fovea and in the outer ring as well as for the retinal volume in the inner ring. In contrast to the maternal measurements, the paternal measurements of retinal thickness and retinal volume measured in the fovea and in the inner ring were not significantly (all p > 0.05) associated with the children retinal measurements in the multivariate model. If the model included only the paternal measurements and age with the maternal data dropped from the analysis, again the paternal retinal morphometric data of the foveal region and of the inner retinal ring area were not significantly associated with the children's measurements) (Table 1). Only the measurements obtained in the outer ring were significantly related with the children′s measurements (Table 1). In all analyses described above, the analysis of collinearity revealed variance inflation factors of ≤1.5. Limiting factors of our study should be mentioned. First, a study as ours addressing a question of heritability would have been better designed as twin studies in which the contribution made by both genetic and environmental factors influencing a trait are examined. Comparing correlations between genetically identical (monozygotic) twins and genetically non-identical (dizygotic) twins is the best design for an investigation on heritability. The reason why we chose the present study design was the availability of study participants. Second, several authors have found that women have a thinner retina than men (Liu et al. 2011; Gupta et al. 2013), and children tend to have a thinner retina than adults (as reported in this study). The correlation between maternal macular thickness and children macular thickness may therefore have been due to a confounding effect of the difference between men and women. The multivariate analysis included, however, gender as independent variable so that gender may not have markedly influenced the results and conclusions of our study. In our study on healthy Chinese children and their parents, the children′s foveal thickness and volume were significantly associated with thicker maternal foveal thickness and volume measurements and longer axial length in multivariate analysis. In contrast, paternal measurements in the foveal region and in the inner ring region were not significantly associated with the children′s foveal measurements. The results suggest an influence of maternal heredity on foveal thickness." @default.
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- W2521741875 date "2016-09-22" @default.
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- W2521741875 title "Children macular thickness correlated with mother macular thickness" @default.
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- W2521741875 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13065" @default.
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