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• W252318884 abstract "IN HIS 1932 BOOK, HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH: A STUDY IN Regional Resources and Human Adequacy, sociologist Rupert B. Vance declared, There are two great economic complexes that may be expected to states to abandon selfish or provincial attitudes in favor of regional or national outlooks. Vance's study provided guidance for building a modern region, and he challenged long-standing assumptions that South was a colonial outpost bedeviled by race relations and that it could be nothing more than a poor land inhabited by poor people. Born in Arkansas, Vance contributed to liberal strain of regionalist analysis at University of North Carolina (UNC) in 1930s; he saw a way out of regional backwardness as United States entered global Great Depression. As first complex, Vance considered continued railroad network development vital for connecting crops and peripheries to markets and central cores. More recently, historians have examined environmental and cultural consequences of railroads in American West and South and have demonstrated that transportation and technological systems integrated those regions into national fabric. But Vance's second complex, hydroelectric development in humid and generally water-blessed Southeast, is still poorly understood as a force of change in first three decades of twentieth century. In a region well endowed with flowing water, Vance argued, rivers were prime renewable energy resources that could be harnessed to benefit farmers and factory workers. Vance's travels and collaborative research throughout Southeast revealed an extensive, privately capitalized network of hydroelectric dams, reservoirs, and transmission lines that stretched from North Carolina to Mississippi. Relying on these observations, Vance advocated a publicly funded and publicly owned regional hydro-complex that mimicked private energy corporations' modern systems. When Vance looked across the Piedmont crescent of industry a year before President Franklin D. Roosevelt created Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933, water appeared as one of most underutilized natural resources and as a renewable energy source monopolized by a few private energy companies and industries. Vance saw both fruits and inequity of New South economy, and he embraced hydroelectric power--widely known as coal--and cheap energy as tools to shape a new future. (1) James B. Duke--the tobacco king and university benefactor, and subject of Vance's most detailed case study--started one of most prolific energy companies, which continues to operate over a hundred years later. The Duke Power Company's founding goal in 1904, according to Duke himself, was to harness white from rivers that previously flowed unused as waste to sea. (2) Today, region's rivers and lakes are artifacts that reveal much about legacy of southern water and southern power in decades before advent of TVA. White coal, in Vance's estimation, could redefine New South's relationship with rest of nation and improve southerners' daily lives. Reassessing Rupert Vance's ideas provides a new interpretation of southern modernization. First, regionalists such as Vance influenced shape of TVA and other river valley programs in 1930s. Second, TVA project inspired other federal river and energy programs in Southeast and across nation after 1945. But more important, especially for this article's analysis, Vance opens a window into an early period of regional modernization that has been overshadowed by TVA's high-modernist experience, by repeated depression-era assertions that South was nation's top economic problem, and by federal largesse that built Sun Belt after 1945. This article examines who hitched New South to coal during a crucial period in region's history between 1890 and 1933. …" @default.
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• W252318884 date "2012-05-01" @default.
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• W252318884 title "Hitching the New South to White Coal: Water and Power, 1890-1933" @default.
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