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• W2523368434 abstract "Fossil termite nests are an important line of evidence in understanding the origin and evolution of termite societies. However the reliability of attributions of trace fossils to termites has been uneven until now. Micromorphological features may be a powerful tool for comparisons between modern and fossil termite nests, particularly for the correct identification of the latter. However, micromorphological studies on modern species are scarce in the literature, and comparative analyses between modern and fossil material were lacking until now. Recent studies on micromorphological features in epigean nests of Neotropical species of termites, in addition to the previous information, enabled the possibility of listing and analyzing nine characters, which provide a first database for comparisons. Analyzed characters include: pellets, microstructure, size and sorting of coarse material, fine materials including types of birefringence fabrics and coatings and sinuous bands of fecal origin, clay microaggregates, relative distributions of fine and coarse components, plant remains, and fragments of termite cuticle. The usefulness of these micromorphological characters were tested in ichnofossils tentatively attributed to termites from the Eocene-Miocene Sarmiento Formation and from the Miocene Pinturas Formation in Patagonia, Argentina, and from the Paleogene Asencio Formation in Uruguay. The lack of some termitic characters in the ichnofossils, such as pellets, alteration of soil microstructure and in the frequency, granulometry and sorting of coarse components, plant remains, and fragments of termite cuticle, is interpreted as negative evidence. The presence in the ichnofossils of clay coatings and a circular striated birefringence fabric, the latter in all cases, is interpreted as evidence of soil diagenetic processes, instead of termitic evidence. Clay microaggregates, porphyric distribution of fine/coarse components, hypocoatings and sinuous bands of organic pigment are characters present in both modern termite nests and some or all of the ichnofossils analyzed. However, further analysis is necessary before these characters can be used as a definitive positive evidence of termitic activity/ structures. The presence of sinuous bands of organic pigment in ichnofossils of the Sarmiento Formation, which are recorded from modern termite nests and are lacking in the bearing paleosol, can probably be related to the original presence of hypocoatings, which are also associated with fossil bee cells and coleopteran pupation chambers, and roots in modem soils. Clay microaggregates and porphyric distribution are also present in the surrounding paleosols, suggesting that the acquisition of them could have a non-termitic origin or on the contrary, as shown in modern tropical soils, the incorporation of abandoned termite nests to soils would have played an important role in the formation of these paleosols. In addition, such characters were also found in paleosols with no other termitic evidence, arguing against their termitic origin." @default.
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• W2523368434 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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• W2523368434 title "Micromorphology of modern epigean termite nests and possible termite ichnofossils: A comparative analysis (Isoptera)." @default.
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