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• W252730584 abstract "Xin faxian de Zhou Enlai (The Newly Discovered Thou Enlai), by Sima Qingyang and Ouyang Longmen. Carle Place: Mirror Books, 2009. 2 vols. 1123 pp. (539 + 584). HK$219.00/US$52.00 (paperback). Around the tomb-sweeping festival of 1976, some one to two million Chinese demonstrators gathered in Tiananmen Square to pour out their grief over the recent passing of Zhou Enlai, in protest against the mistreatment of their beloved premier by Mao and the Gang of Four. This Tiananmen Incident was the first political crisis that the Mao regime had experienced. Since then, there have been numerous publications assessing Zhou's career. Leaving aside official (and to a lesser extent Western) accounts glorifying the premier, the most notable book to put Zhou in a negative light was Gao Wenqian's The Later Years of Zhou Enlai, an account that carried great weight not so much for its limited revelations but rather because Gao had been a relative insider, a researcher at the authoritative Central Documents Office. Gao 's negative spin on Zhou was not as damning as those of a real insider, the former commander of the imperial guards and CCP vice-chairman Wang Dongxing. Although refusing to spell his views out publicly, Wang has made known to a few confidants his ranking of Zhou Enlai as among the lowest of the low. Of the founders of Communist China, Zhou Enlai must be the most enigmatic. In official historiography, he remains an iconic figure representing dedication and sacrifice. Radiating personal warmth and irresistible appeal, Zhou's public image was that of a great statesman, the tour de force administrator and organizer, a charming but tough negotiator, an extraordinarily caring and considerate human being and a wonderful husband. Not least, Zhou has long been depicted as the moderate counterweight to Mao who, if not able to prevent the Chairman's excesses, curbed their impact and used the opportunities that arose to right the course of the Chinese state. There is little question of Zhou's selfless stoicism and devotion to the cause of Communism, but this included founding the CCP' s secret service and personally executing the traitor Gu Shunzhang's family and relatives in cold blood in 1931. During the heyday of the Cultural Revolution, Zhou apparently had blood on his hands in the tragic deaths of Liu Shaoqi, He Long and even his adopted daughter, to name just a few, in addition to his proactive and harsh crackdown on the socalled May 16 (young rebel) clique. Virtually from the inception of the CCP, he served in its core leadership, initially as Mao's superior when the Party was under the command of the Communist International, yet for his entire political career spanning over half a century he always played second fiddle. Though he was China's longest-serving premier, it is hard to identify any policy initiative of his. This is especially the case from the late 1950s, when he increasingly responded to Mao's whims as little more than a supporting actor, however skilled. The recently published memoir of Qiu Huizuo reveals the great statesman's sad advice to the newly elected politburo members at the 9th Party Congress in 1969: What is central politics? The (core business of) the politics at the Center is to handle properly the relations among Chairman Mao, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing. Precisely because of Zhou's self-defined second-fiddle role and his unsurpassed loyalty to Mao, it is virtually impossible to penetrate the real Zhou Enlai, who situated himself voluntarily and perpetually in an extremely difficult position at Mao's court, in particular during the Cultural Revolution period. By the same token, it is extremely difficult to judge how much responsibility Zhou, as the critical implementer of Mao's policies, should bear for the gigantic destruction which Mao wrought. This new publication by the pseudonymous Sima Qingyang and Ouyang Longmen is another attempt to untangle the myths around Zhou Enlai. …" @default.
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