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• W2529792638 abstract "INTRODUCTIONLawsuits by legislators in federal court present perplexing, if rarely discussed, questions of justiciability. Legislator refers to the conditions under which courts will entertain lawsuits by legislators, not in legislators' individual capacities, but in their official roles as representatives of the people. Legislators' claims typically allege a serious threat to democratic principles or the separation of powers.1 Where legislators seek to challenge actions of the executive, however, courts are often wary of hearing their claims due to the political question doctrine2 or other separation of powers concerns.3 Indeed, courts often refuse to entertain legislators' claims on these grounds.4 In this sense, the legislator standing doctrine seeks to balance two evils: constitutional infringement on the legislative role, on the one hand, and infringement on the judicial role by way of legislator lawsuits, on the other.The core of the legislator standing doctrine-as addressed most recently in the Court's 2015 decision in Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission5-consists of the Court's two prior decisions in Coleman v. Miller6 and Raines v. Byrd.1 These cases stand for three important propositions. First, as demonstrated in Coleman and acknowledged in Raines, legislators can have standing to sue as legislators for institutional, rather than personal, injuries, at least in some circumstances.8 Second, while remains unclear exactly what these circumstances are, Raines dramatically narrows the ambit of legislator standing to instances in which legislators can demonstrate that their votes have been nullified and the legislators have not suffered a mere abstract dilution of institutional legislative power.9 Finally, Raines envisions a number of additional factors as relevant to the legislator standing inquiry, including whether the alleged legislative injury is redressable by ordinary legislative means, whether an ordinary, private citizen might bring suit instead, and whether the suit has the support of the legislative body involved in the case.10 These factors are intended to inform a court's understanding of whether the separation of powers or political question doctrine would counsel against reaching the merits of the legislators' suit.Recently, in Kerr v. Hickenlooper (Kerr I), the Tenth Circuit initially affirmed,11 and then denied,12 standing to a group of legislators bringing suit in their official capacities. The legislators in Kerr challenged the constitutionality of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) under the Guarantee Clause and a number of other constitutional and statutory provisions.13 The legislators asserted that they had been deprived of their ability to vote in favor of tax increases or tax policy changes, which TABOR requires to be approved by popular vote, in violation of the Constitution's guarantee of a republican form of government.14 A threejudge panel of the Tenth Circuit initially reasoned that it would be a bizarre result if the nullification of a single vote supported legislative standing, but the nullification of a legislator's authority to cast a large number of votes did not.15 Later, after the Supreme Court vacated and remanded Kerr after deciding Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission,16 the Tenth Circuit changed its mind, holding the legislators could not sue on their purported institutional injury.17Kerr highlights two specific problems in the doctrine of legislator standing. First, Kerr suggests that the vote nullification-abstract dilution of power paradigm in Raines fails to provide discernible guidance to lower courts. In particular, courts differ on whether deprivation of the right to vote-as opposed to nullification of a recorded vote-merits standing. This is borne out by comparing Kerr with decisions of the D.C. Circuit immediately following Raines, as well as other courts' skepticism of legislator standing following Raines. …" @default.
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• W2529792638 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W2529792638 title "Standing up for Legislators: Reevaluating Legislator Standing in the Wake of Kerr v. Hickenlooper" @default.
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