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• W2529964991 abstract "Thermal energy storage is a key technology for energy conservation since many energy sources are intermittent in nature. Latent heat storage is considered one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy because, unlike sensible heat storage, it provides a high-energy storage density with a small temperature swing. There are available many storage techniques, including sensible and latent heat storage or a combination of both. Fixed and fluidized beds may be feasible technologies when the storing materials may be encapsulated in cans, spheres or microencapsulated in highly porous structures with protecting envelopes. This PhD thesis deals with thermal storage and heat transfer in fixed and fluidized beds with phase change materials (PCMs). The behavior of a bed with granular PCM as a thermal storage system is studied. Charging and discharging experiments are carried out and models for the transient response of the bed are developed for fixed and fluidized bed configurations. Moreover, a model for the heat transfer coefficient between the bed of PCM and an immersed surface is presented and validated with experimental measurements. The experimental studies are conducted in a cylindrical bed filled with granular PCM and with air as the working fluid. The bed has an internal diameter of 200 mm. The granular PCMs used consist of paraffin, which is the material that changes its phase, bounded within a secondary supporting structure of SiO2, which ensures that the paraffin does not leak from the granulate when in its liquid form. The material is commercialized by Rubithermr and is available in two sizes involving particle diameters of 1-3 mm and 0.2-0.6 mm. The finer grade is used in fluidized bed because the particle size is appropriate for obtaining a bubbling fluidization, whereas the coarser grade is employed in the fixed bed conditions to achieve high gas velocities without exceeding the minimum fluidization velocity. The study of the storage behavior of a fluidized bed filled with PCM includes the comparison of its performance to that of well-known storage methods such as fluidized beds with sand and packed beds with sand and PCM. To accomplish this, heating and cooling experiments are conducted in the cylindrical bed mentioned before. For the fluidized bed with PCM the bed height and flow rate are varied to study their influence on the storage and recovery efficiencies. In addition, the stability of the PCM during several charging-discharging cycles is examined. The transient response of a packed and fluidized bed with PCM is modeled taking into account the progressive evolution of the enthalpy with the temperature during the phase change and the energy stored in the wall of the bed. The equations presented for each model are non-dimensionalized, which result in the same differential equation system regardless of whether a granular PCM or a conventional material is used. The models are positively verified against experimental data for the granular PCM and the conventional storage material, sand. The experimental determination of the heat transfer coefficient between a heated surface immersed in a fixed or fluidized bed and granular PCM is performed employing a heat transfer probe which consists of a cylindrical variable resistance of small diameter, 6 mm. The flow rate is varied to quantify its influence on the heat transfer coefficient. The results obtained for the granular PCM are compared with the heat transfer coefficients measured for the sand. The heat transfer coefficient for the particles when they undergo a phase change process is twice the heat transfer coefficient when there is no phase change of the PCM. These experimental data are used to validate a model proposed to calculate the heat transfer coefficient between an immersed surface and fixed and bubbling fluidized beds of granular PCM. The model consists of a two-region model with two different voidages, where a steady conduction problem is solved for the fixed bed case and a transient one for the fluidized bed case." @default.
• W2529964991 created "2016-10-21" @default.
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• W2529964991 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W2529964991 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2529964991 title "Heat transfer and thermal storage in fixed and fluidized beds of phase change materials" @default.
• W2529964991 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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