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• W253703677 abstract "Current interest in the educational problems of the indigenous population of the southwestern United. States, including Indians and Spanish speaking peoples, is high. This paper discusses the general size and distribution of these populations in the Southwest. In addition, selected research findings relating to efforts to develop improved methods of dealing with the educational problems of these people are presented. Finally, the applicability of certain educatory techniques, such as programmed instruction, is discussed. 1.9 July 1965 3 sP.22.48 SOME CO! SIDKRIMIONS IN THE EDUCTION OF INDIGENOUS GROUPS IN THE SOIRHWEST A. OVERVIEW There has long been concern with projects designed to facilitate the political, economic, and educational development of indigenous cultural enclaves in the Western Hemisphere. Numerous attempts to establish self-sustaining politica:, economic, and educational institutions have been made. The southwestern United States has been the scene, for several decades, of efforts to raise the socio-political position of literally hundreds of thousands of residents. No area in the United. States, except the Southwest, has such a large indigenous population, much of which maintains a standard of living below that prevailing in the area in which they live. This paper discusses the general size and distribution of the Indian and Spanishspeaking population in the Southwest. In addition, selected research findings relaying to efforts to develop improved methods of dealing with the educational problems of these people are presented. B. TEE INDIAN POPULATION There are approximately 19 Indian enclaves in the area encompassing southern California: the southern tip of Nevada, and the entire states of New Mexico and Arizona. This is an area which could be considered as being distinct, for educational research purposes, because of certain cultural commonalities. Included in this figure are approximately 22 separate reservations, if we count as one resu,rvation the approximately 30 scattered. Mission Indian reservations in soutner4 California. Several of the tribes are located on more than one reservation site, e.g., the Apache, who are scattered among five reservations in Arizona (two) and New Mexico (three). Only two groupings, the Northern or Western Diegueno and the Yaqui, are not situated on federal lands. The former primaray occupy sectors of,Ban Diego County and number, at most, several hundred persons. The Yaqui, numbering about 3,000 people (in the United States), occupy lend held for them in trust by the federal government as political refugees from Mexico. Thby are not wards of the government, and as such are not under the jurisdiction of such agencies as the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The total Indian population in the area listed above exceeds 120,000 persons, possibly reaching a total of 140,000 or more. If we included:the Indian populations of all of California and Nevada, the count would run higher. 19 July 1965 4 SP-2148 The bulk of the Indian population in the area of concern lies with only eight tribes, who, between them, number approximately 100,000 people, or about 85 per cent of the total Indian population. The largest enclave is the Navajo with approximately 70,000 to 75,000 persons. The Apache follow with over 10,000, the Pima and Papago each have about 5,000 i,so 70000, followed by the Hopi with about 400000 the Yaqui with about 3,000, and finally the Zuni with about 2,200 and the Mohave with about 1,500 persons. Locations of these eight predominant groups are generally remote from large urban areas. For example, the Navajo Agency (which encompasses northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southern Utah) lies at least 50 mil6s from any large population center, e.g., Flagstaff, Arizona,,, and over 175 miles from any very heavily-populated area, such as Phoenix. Several exceptions are the Pima and Maricopa Indians, who together occupy reservation lands on the Salt River reservation, some 10 miles east of Phoenix. Also the Yaqui settlements of Guadalupe and Pascua are located approximately 15 and 10 miles respectively from the cities of Phoenix and Tulson, Arizona. The various Apache reservations, the Papago reservations at Gila Bend, Sells, and San Xavier, Arizona, the Fort Mohave reservation on the Arizona.California border, and the Hopi and Zuni reservations are situated either near sparsqlysettled areas or are in quite remote locations. C. THE SPANISH.-SPEAKING POPULATION In addition to the large Indian population, there is a huge Spanish-speaking population in this area, many of whom have only recently come to the United States, but including others who have been in the Southwest for generations. According to United States Census figures for 1950, 739,760 persons in the states of California, Arizona, and New Mexico possessed Spanish as their mother tongue. This was based on a five per cent sample of the total population in these states. In addition, the census listed some 1,137,650 persons as having Spanish surnames. The figures may be broken down as follows: Spanish mother tongue population Arizona---101,880 California---416,140 New Mexico---221 p 740 Spanish surname population Arizona...1280318 California---760,453 New Mexico---248,880 The disparities in the figures possibly maybe due to the fact that children of Spanish-American descent have not all had Spanish as their mother tongue, in spite of their parents being native speakers of Spanish." @default.
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• W253703677 date "1965-07-19" @default.
• W253703677 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W253703677 title "SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN THE EDUCATION OF INDIGENOUS GROUPS IN THE SOUTHWEST." @default.
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