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• W253977143 abstract "I. Can a profession devoted to adversary process aspire to sustain a culture of affection? Is conflict so endemic to our legal natures inconsistent with a higher mutual regard? Has present polarization in our legal perspectives made recognition of shared purposes a forlorn hope? To these questions, we cannot afford despondent answers. The need to build a legal culture of affection has never been more profound. Chief Justice Warren Burger warned a generation ago about the necessity for civility if we are to keep jungle from closing in on us.1 His and other warnings went unheeded.2 The divisions in legal culture have become so deep that rancor threatens to subsume remnants of our sense of community. I had always supposed that our differences were fleeting and that our values as a profession would endure. Now I am not so sure. I had always supposed that adversaries by day became friends by nightfall. Now I wonder. The breakdown in legal profession only mirrors breakdown in larger body politic. Disagreement among Americans often seems driven by a startling sense of mutual dislike, a resentment untempered even by a sense of common destiny. This would seem worst of times for our common bonds to fray. Those in World Trade Center or on doomed flights on September 11, 2001 were not targeted as liberals or conservatives. Those who died on that day were not marked as Democrats or Republicans. Our enemies are not drawing these fine distinctions among us. Why do we insist on drawing such sharp distinctions among ourselves? Our country, I fear, will not heal unless legal profession does so first. If this sounds vain, it reflects only a recognition that, for better and for worse, law and lawyers are central to America. And law is, after all, a profession of reason. Reason, by its nature, is a temperate and calming force. A culture of affection in most reasoned of all professions should not be out of reach. But my comments until now have only begged question. A culture of affection may be a nice thing, but it may not be a necessary thing. We cannot just assume that an affectionate profession is a better one. It may be more important for an attorney to be zealous than to be agreeable. A client may prefer an aggressive advocate to a likable one. The cause of justice may be better served by tenacious judges than by good natured ones. In short, tough-mindedness may be indispensable quality of temperament in our profession; affection expendable one. The easy response, of course, is that we need not be put to choice. Affectionate and adversarial temperaments are not mutually inconsistent. In great lawyers, such temperaments are often mutually reinforcing. Moreover, affection improves quality of professional life, and that is not a bad thing. But affection promotes public goods, not simply personal needs. Lawyers and judges owe public their best judgment. And judgment is warped and corrupted by personal resentments. Animosities do more than divert and consume energies. They make it more difficult to listen, to be open to argument that may warrant an adjustment of one's view. More fundamentally, personal antagonisms profoundly impede search for common ground. And no society can function without prospect of consensus and reconciliation that a culture of affection alone can achieve. Legislators, judges, academics, and practitioners all face significant pressures to travel harsh road. Some pressures are purely economic, such as exponential growth in supply of lawyers and resulting difficulties of financing a practice. Others are products of politically charged issues that have landed in law schools and courts. For a culture of affection to take hold, members of Congress, academy, and practicing bar must do their part. But general nostrums are one thing; specific suggestions quite another. …" @default.
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• W253977143 date "2005-04-01" @default.
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• W253977143 title "Building a Legal Culture of Affection" @default.
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