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- W2540501227 abstract "We have studied over thirty metals, alloys and other materials in simulated physiological conditions using galvanostatic pulses typically employed by cardiac pacemakers. We have also studied Pt electrodes using high current density (up to 10 A/cm2) pulses. We can classify electrode materials into five groups representing the different kinds of electrochemical processes observed. Whenever a solid, e.g., an electrode, is placed in a aqueous solution containing ions, rearrangement of water molecules and ions occurs around the solid forming an interphase region called the electrical double layer. The arrangement of particles (ions, molecules, etc) in this double layer depends on the nature of the solid and on the nature of the solution. The double layer behaves in many respects just like a capacitor and both sides (Le., the electrode surface and the solution side of the interphase) become charged. Although the potential difference across the double layer may not be large, typically less than 1 volt, the width of the interphase region is very small, on the order of cm, so that the resulting field is very large, say lo7 volts/cm. Thus the structure of the double layer plays a primary role in all electrochemical reactions which occur in this interphase region. The simplest representation of the double layer in which a charge transfer process (electrochemical reaction) may occur is an equivalent circuit with a capacitor and resistor connected in parallel. When the resistance approaches infinity, no electron transfer occurs across the interphase region and the electrode is an ideally polarized interface. If the resistance is low, electron transfer readily occurs and the double layer acts like a leaky capacitor." @default.
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- W2540501227 date "2005-08-24" @default.
- W2540501227 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W2540501227 title "Electrochemical Phenomena At Cardiac Pacemaker Electrodes" @default.
- W2540501227 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1991.684158" @default.
- W2540501227 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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