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- W2547547745 endingPage "4881" @default.
- W2547547745 startingPage "4867" @default.
- W2547547745 abstract "RNA methylation is the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved chemical modification of bases or ribose in noncoding and coding RNAs. This rather simple modification has nevertheless major consequences on the function of maturated RNA molecules and ultimately on their cellular fates. The methyl group employed in the methylation is almost universally derived from S-adenosyl-L-methionine via a simple SN2 displacement reaction. However, in some rare cases, the carbon originates from N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2 = THF). Here, a methylene group is transferred first and requires a subsequent reduction step (2e− + H+) via the flavin adenine dinucleotide hydroquinone (FADH−) to form the final methylated derivative. This FAD/folate-dependent mode of chemical reaction, called reductive methylation, is thus far more complex than the usual simple S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent one. This reaction is catalyzed by flavoenzymes, now named TrmFO and RlmFO, which respectively modify transfer and ribosomal RNAs. In this review, we briefly recount how these new RNA methyltransferases were discovered and describe a novel aspect of the chemistry of flavins, wherein this versatile biological cofactor is not just a simple redox catalyst but is also a new methyl transfer agent acting via a critical CH2 = (N5)FAD iminium intermediate. The enigmatic structural reorganization of these enzymes that needs to take place during catalysis in order to build their active center is also discussed. Finally, recent findings demonstrated that this flavin-dependent mechanism is also employed by enzymatic systems involved in DNA synthesis, suggesting that the use of this cofactor as a methylating agent of biomolecules could be far more usual than initially anticipated." @default.
- W2547547745 created "2016-11-11" @default.
- W2547547745 creator A5062221634 @default.
- W2547547745 creator A5073956638 @default.
- W2547547745 creator A5083185481 @default.
- W2547547745 date "2016-12-01" @default.
- W2547547745 modified "2023-10-09" @default.
- W2547547745 title "Flavin-Dependent Methylation of RNAs: Complex Chemistry for a Simple Modification" @default.
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