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• W254806303 abstract "INTRODUCTION In November 2009, the California Legislature passed, and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed into law, a package of water legislation amounting to possibly the single biggest overhaul of the state's water system in nearly half a century. (1) The package included a new governance system for the state's water hub, the Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta; (2) mandatory water conservation and efficiency measures for urban, industrial, and agricultural users; (3) and new penalties for failure to report diversions of surface water to the state. (4) The package also placed before voters a bond measure--initially scheduled for the November 2010 general election but since pushed back to 2012 in the wake of the state's ongoing fiscal crisis (5)--that sought to provide more than $11 billion in funding for water infrastructure projects. (6) The bills passed on bipartisan votes, which are increasingly rare in the California Legislature, and won praise from across the ideological spectrum. (7) Yet the whole effort was very nearly derailed by the intense controversy surrounding a seemingly minor element of the package: groundwater monitoring. (8) The fifth and final bill ultimately approved by the legislature, S.B.X.7 6, requires that all groundwater basins be monitored by state or local agencies by 2010 to gauge the rate at which water is being extracted and recharged. (9) That such an obscure, innocuous-sounding provision could almost undo a massive and comprehensive legislative compromise is a testament to the high stakes associated with the ongoing struggle to sensibly manage California's vital groundwater resources. The opposition to S.B.X.7 6 stemmed largely from a fear among water users in some parts of the state that it might open the door to intrusive statewide groundwater management from Sacramento. Upon closer inspection, though, the bill represents an uneasy but promising compromise: it continues the state's decades-long trend of placing local governments and landowners, rather than state agencies, in charge of regulating groundwater resources but seeks to ensure that those entities make decisions in full view of the impact their choices will have on their communities. This Note first describes the background against which S.B.X.7 6 was enacted. Much of California depends upon groundwater to augment meager surface water resources. While some areas of the state have developed effective groundwater management programs in response to decades of litigation and overdraft, others have long lacked even basic monitoring systems. I then outline the provisions of S.B.X.7 6 and discuss its likely effects. While by no means a panacea to the state's groundwater problems, the bill represents an important step toward progress within the framework of California's tradition of local groundwater management. It demonstrates that the centralized groundwater management approach used in other Western states is not the only viable means of regulating groundwater, particularly in a large, economically and geographically diverse state like California. I. LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND: A PATCHWORK OF SOUND MANAGEMENT AND TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS A. California's Reliance on Groundwater Californians rely heavily on groundwater to meet their basic daily needs. Groundwater withdrawals account for twenty-nine percent of the state's water supply in a year with average rainfall; in a dry year, thirty-nine percent. (10) In the surface-water-poor Central Coast region of the state, groundwater accounts for more than eighty percent of supply. (11) Yet California is one of only two western states--Texas is the other--that lacks a statewide permit system governing who may withdraw groundwater in the state. (12) Rather, California adheres to the common law doctrine of correlative rights in groundwater, under which landowners may pump as much water as they like, provided they put it to beneficial use and do not interfere with the ability of other landowners to do the same. …" @default.
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• W254806303 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W254806303 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W254806303 title "All Groundwater Is Local: California's New Groundwater Monitoring Law" @default.
• W254806303 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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