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• W2548825512 abstract "Introduction What makes teachers effective in the classroom? Research indicates that teachers effectiveness is contingent upon the teacher knowing pedagogy, learn theory, knowledge of subject matter, experience as well as other qualifications such as classroom management skills. Teachers effectiveness are often determined by three indicators; teachers' scores on certification, student achievement gains, and the observations of teachers' teaching practice by experts (Creemers, Kyriakides and Antoniou, 2013). A leader is defined as a person who commands or leads a faction of persons such as students, an organization or government (Keohane, 2010). The capacity of leaders to lead other people is a manifestation of their ability to influence them to believe in their vision. This assertion means that the followers will abandon their individual ideas to conform and align with the vision of a leader. A teacher is a leader based on their influence to make sure that students channel their energies into explicit academic goals or ideas. This impact is achieved within the classroom. An administrator is a legally appointed person to manage the operations and the running of an organization, for instance, a school, a business or a college (Lunenburg & Ornstein, 2012). An administrator ensures that the overall operations of an organization are in line with established vision, mission, and objectives. For this reason, an administrator oversees the daily operations of the organizations. In a school context, there are some administrators such as the school principal and the assistant principal. The school principal is answerable to the superintendent of the schools whereas the assistant principal is accountable to the school principal. The roles that teachers perform in their quest to fulfill their job responsibilities portray them as leaders in comparison to administrators. Whereas administrative functions are considered to be part of leadership, teaching can also be alleged autonomously to be part of the leadership without a correlation to administration. Therefore, it is beyond question that teachers can be viewed as leaders without being administrators. The viewpoint that teachers are leaders without ideally being administrators will be examined in the paper. To start with, teachers should be viewed as leaders without ideally being administrators because of the reforms and transformation in the education system that has eliminated the administrative function of the teachers. In the early American society, teachers had defined responsibilities that fashioned them to be not only leaders in the class context, but also administrators. The teachers managed one-room classrooms, established curricula and tailored their influence based on the learning abilities of the students. As a result, teacher administration and leadership function was essential and not a preference because of the distinct roles of the teachers. Lieberman and Miller (2005) explained that the teachers were administrators of the regular classrooms operations. The administration manifested itself from the teachers making decisions in the manner they deemed fit to edify the curricula founded on the needs of the students. The teachers could simply attend to the needs of individual students. Despite the teachers being a reflection of a teacher-leadership and administration, the teachers were not certified or appointed administrators. However, with the introduction of the education reforms in the United States, the roles and the responsibilities of both the schools and teachers changed. The amendment in the roles of the teacher was palpable from the shift of being an expert teacher to being a school employee. The change was ascribed to the fact that the school underwent changes regarding the school size as well as increased school management complexity. The size changes, besides, to the complexities that defined the school demanded the need for administrative hierarchies and power structures. …" @default.
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• W2548825512 date "2016-06-22" @default.
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• W2548825512 title "Viewing Teachers as Leaders without Being Administrators." @default.
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