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• W2550477360 abstract "On-going discussions on various forms of moisture transport in buildings have often focused on the nature of vapour diffusion in wall assemblies. Recent field investigations at the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC), NRC Canada, have yielded data on the effect of solar radiation on the exterior surface temperature of wall assemblies. On a sunny day in August 2004, on the exterior surface of a south-facing wall, a temperature rise close to 25°C over the surrounding air temperature was recorded. Coincident increases in the absolute humidity ratio of the air in the cavity behind the brick were measured, suggesting inward drive of brick moisture into that cavity. A laboratory facility at IRC, called the Envelope Environmental Exposure Facility (EEEF) has been used to launch an investigation on the behaviour of the vapour diffusion in exterior walls exposed to solar radiation. A 2.4 m by 2.4 m test specimen of a simple wall assembly was constructed, the exterior surface of the specimen soaked in simulated rain conditions and subsequently heated by infrared heaters to mimic the rise in surface temperature due to solar radiation. The wall was fully instrumented for temperature and relative humidity measurements at both surfaces as well as at every interface. This paper presents a brief description of the EEEF, details of the test specimen and data collection, and data from the above experiment. A clear indication of an inward diffusion of water vapour across the wall as the exterior surface is heated is derived from both laboratory controlled and field experiments. 1 INTRODUCTION Sun-driven moisture is a phenomenon that occurs when walls are wetted and then heated by solar radiation. Upon solar heating, a large vapour pressure difference may occur between the exterior and the interior leading to the inward diffusion of moisture. The inward diffusion may lead to the formation of condensation on the outboard surface of the vapour retarding membrane. Inward vapour movement has also been called Solar reversal since the vapour movement occurs in a direction that is opposite to the direction usually considered for cold climate design (Persnail and al., 2003). Sun-driven moisture can occur when moisture is either absorbed by the exterior sheathing, or when moisture penetrates the exterior of the wall. The mechanism of inward solar drive has manifested itself in failures in the hygrothermal performance of envelopes in many ways over the years. For example, this mechanism, as an explanation for the summer condensation problem in the upper portion of basement walls was a manifestation of the same phenomenon, now being investigated in more detail for above grade wall. This phenomenon had been observed in the field, and documented and modeled for below-grade applications in the late 80's and early 90's in Canada (Swinton and al. 1995), and the driving factors were identified to be solar gains and warm air heating above-grade portions of the basement wall. The same mechanisms are involved in above-grade assemblies. When the moisture is stored in the outer wall, solar heating leads to increased cladding temperatures that in turn lead to increase in vapour pressure. This inward-driven moisture usually condenses on the outboard surface of the polyethylene vapour retarder, if there is one, and runs down and accumulates at the base of the wall. Attention has to be made during the summer time when this moisture accumulates in a wall" @default.
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• W2550477360 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W2550477360 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2550477360 title "Laboratory demonstration of solar driven inward vapour diffusion in a wall assembly" @default.
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