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- W2550589617 abstract "The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the many countries may lead to cases, in which traditional agricultural products contain detectable traces of GMOs. On the one hand, such admixture may result from inadequate application of segregation measures by farmers. On the other hand, as agriculture is an open process that does not allow the complete isolation of individual fields, a certain degree of admixture between neighbouring crops is unavoidable in practice. The presence of GMOs in traditional products may lead to their devaluation, which would entail an economic damage to the producer of the traditional products. For instance, due to the presence of the GMO the traditional product may require to be labelled as GM. GMOs and products containing or produced from GMOs have to be labelled according to EU-legislation, in particular Directive 2001/18/EC, Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003, and Regulation (EC) No. 1830/2003. For the case of adventitious or technically unavoidable presence of GMOs in non-GM products, Regulation 1829/2003 provides for a threshold of 0.9% below which such presence in food or feed does not require labelling. For seeds, Directive 2001/18/EC provides for the possibility of adopting thresholds, below which the adventitious or technically unavoidable presence of GM seeds does not require the labelling of conventional seed lots. Further, economic implications may result for farmers producing non-GM crops, if specific requirements concerning GMO presence, which goes beyond the provisions in Community legislation, are laid down in contracts with the retailers or other operators further down the food or feed production chain. Such conditions may also apply for products produced under quality schemes. In addition to the economic implications resulting from the actual presence of a GMO in a traditional product, costs may also occur due to sampling and testing of products, either on a basis of routine controls or in cases, where relevant GMO admixture may be suspected. In many cases, the presence of GMOs and their quantity could not be assessed without the use of laboratory analyses, which may cause significant costs. Furthermore, economic implications for traditional producers that may relate to the presence of GM crop production in a region, and which could enlarge the risk of GMO admixture, could not be ruled out. For instance, food or feed producers may preferentially purchase crops from certain regions, where no GM crop production may take place. For those reasons, liability in the case of economic damage that may result from the presence of GMOs in other crops is a case of civil law, but also tort law. Republic of Serbia now has a special legislation on GMO, which prohibited use of GMO, the cultivation and market of genetically modified (GM) crops in Serbia, except in some rare situations. In this paper, we conclude that GMO are not, in generally, useful (in economic sense primarly) but, in our opinion, very dangerous not only for national economy, but also for a health of our citizens." @default.
- W2550589617 created "2016-11-30" @default.
- W2550589617 creator A5051572557 @default.
- W2550589617 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W2550589617 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2550589617 title "GMO [Genetically modified organisms] and biodiversity: Fallacy or future?" @default.
- W2550589617 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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