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- W2551666618 abstract "The beauty of snowflakes originates from the very different ways the ice crystals grow in different environments (1, 2). The amazing variety of snowflake crystal shapes occurs despite the fact that the crystalline structure of snow is always the same: the thermodynamic equilibrium shape is a simple hexagonal crystal. Therefore, the path taken in the nucleation and growth of the ice appears to be more important in determining the final result than the thermodynamic equilibrium state. In PNAS, Lee et al. (3) show that the nucleation pathway for salts precipitating from aqueous solutions is also rather more complicated than the simple formation of a crystalline nucleus that spontaneously forms and subsequently grows. There is still a lot of debate on the conditions under which perfect single crystals are formed, as opposed to the formation of “imperfect” or multiple crystals of different shapes, sizes, and crystalline structures (4⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–14). Crystallization is traditionally very important for many processes, from the production of steel to the purification of chemicals. In the pharmaceutical and chemical industry high purity is a requirement and is achieved through multiple recrystallizations. For crystallography, the structure of many important biological molecules, such as DNA, and many proteins was unraveled by X-ray diffraction that necessitates good-quality single crystals; all this necessitates a good comprehension of crystal nucleation and growth.Lee et al. (3) follow the crystallization of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) in evaporating, levitated droplets of aqueous solutions of this salt using a very clever experimental set-up that integrates electrostatic levitation with in situ micro Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. In this way, the authors are able to investigate the evolution of salt solutions before and during crystal precipitation and reveal the sequence of events that lead to … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: N.Shahidzadeh{at}uva.nl. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
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- W2551666618 date "2016-11-21" @default.
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- W2551666618 title "Multistep crystallization processes: How not to make perfect single crystals" @default.
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- W2551666618 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616536113" @default.
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