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• W2551774830 abstract "Deliberate strategies for the use or containment of violence have long played a substantially greater role in the dynamics of South Africa than they have in many other societies. As a result, references to the violent practices and policies of the past are prominent in the popular and political rhetoric of the late 1990s, and contemporary efforts to deal with the problem of violence are shadowed by what went before them. To increase the likelihood of their effectiveness, new policies should therefore be formulated with reference to what these historical strategies (and in particular those developed in the course of the twentieth century) may teach us about the management of violence in the present. The context within which new policy initiatives come about is however not limited to explicitly formulated strategies and programmes, but also includes infra-policies(i.e. loosely defined discourses, ideas and practices) that may or may not converge with formally stated plans of action and strategies of response. Accordingly, this chapter's policy proposals are presented against the background both of broad historical tendencies in twentieth century South Africa, and of formal policies and policy proposals concerning violence. In reviewing these policies and infra-policies from a mental health perspective, it is important to note that while the psychological sciences have always occupied a central position in giving intellectual shape to violence in South Africa, this has always been in close inter-relationship with other approaches to the management of violence, such as the police and criminal justice systems, the military, and the public health apparatus. This chapter has three aims. First, to place violence in South Africa and social responses to it within the interpretive framework of Foucault's theory concerning power and socio-medical knowledge, and to identify the implications that this structuralist approach has for policy formulation. Second, to outline the four major regimes that have conditioned South African practices in relation to violence over the course the twentieth century. Third, to present a set of concrete policy recommendations that appear congruent with the latest discourse on violence and are grounded in a public health practice designed to enable intersectoral collaboration around the prevention of violence in South Africa. Violence in Twentieth Century South Africa: A Foucaultian Perspective Violence, like every other issue to come within the attention of the socio-medical sciences, exists not above but within history, and not merely as an object of attention but also as a strategy of perception by which the psychological and the social are made visible and rendered manageable. From the viewpoint of Foucault's theory of power (Foucault, 1977; Gordon, 1980; Kritzman, 1988), the importance of such an observation is twofold. First, it recognises that violence cannot simplistically be seen as a destructive force alone, since counterpointing its damaging effects are the productive consequences of attempts to analyse and understand its meaning and origins, by which the identities and attributes of people, groups and societies are continuously invented, sustained and transformed. Second, it highlights the trans-humanist forces that delimit the boundaries of knowledge and action to create a non-progressive series of historically distinct patterns of human and social response. For, encoded in discursive regimes, these force fields condition at any point in time what it" @default.
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• W2551774830 date "1998-01-01" @default.
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• W2551774830 title "From Violent Policies to Policies for Violence Prevention: Violence, power and mental health policy in 20th century South Africa" @default.
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