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• W2553282006 startingPage "12677" @default.
• W2553282006 abstract "The hippocampus is thought to compare predicted events with current perceptual input, generating a mismatch signal when predictions are violated. However, most prior studies have only inferred when predictions occur without measuring them directly. Moreover, an important but unresolved question is whether hippocampal mismatch signals are modulated by the degree to which predictions differ from outcomes. Here, we conducted a human fMRI study in which subjects repeatedly studied various word-picture pairs, learning to predict particular pictures (outcomes) from the words (cues). After initial learning, a subset of cues was paired with a novel, unexpected outcome, whereas other cues continued to predict the same outcome. Critically, when outcomes changed, the new outcome was either near to the predicted outcome (same visual category as the predicted picture) or far from the predicted outcome (different visual category). Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we indexed cue-evoked reactivation (prediction) within neocortical areas and related these trial-by-trial measures of prediction strength to univariate hippocampal responses to the outcomes. We found that prediction strength positively modulated hippocampal responses to unexpected outcomes, particularly when unexpected outcomes were close, but not identical, to the prediction. Hippocampal responses to unexpected outcomes were also associated with a tradeoff in performance during a subsequent memory test: relatively faster retrieval of new (updated) associations, but relatively slower retrieval of the original (older) associations. Together, these results indicate that hippocampal mismatch signals reflect a comparison between active predictions and current outcomes and that these signals are most robust when predictions are similar, but not identical, to outcomes.Although the hippocampus is widely thought to signal mismatches between memory-based predictions and outcomes, previous research has not linked hippocampal mismatch signals directly to neural measures of prediction strength. Here, we show that hippocampal mismatch signals increase as a function of the strength of predictions in neocortical regions. This increase in hippocampal mismatch signals was particularly robust when outcomes were similar, but not identical, to predictions. These results indicate that hippocampal mismatch signals are driven by both the active generation of predictions and the similarity between predictions and outcomes." @default.
• W2553282006 created "2016-11-30" @default.
• W2553282006 creator A5000996908 @default.
• W2553282006 creator A5017464870 @default.
• W2553282006 creator A5063495446 @default.
• W2553282006 date "2016-11-07" @default.
• W2553282006 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W2553282006 title "Hippocampal Mismatch Signals Are Modulated by the Strength of Neural Predictions and Their Similarity to Outcomes" @default.
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• W2553282006 doi "https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1850-16.2016" @default.
• W2553282006 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5157109" @default.
• W2553282006 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27821577" @default.
• W2553282006 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
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