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• W255686145 abstract "I. Introduction It is Monday morning. You have just returned to your desk in New York after a quiet weekend and have begun to answer calls as the main receptionist at the headquarters of a multinational company. You place your first call to the company's general counsel to advise him that an executive in Tokyo wants to speak with him. Later that day, you greet a team of outside counsel whose arrival is unannounced, and you are asked to stay overtime. When you return on Tuesday, you see the general counsel with outside counsel in a nearby conference room and overhear your colleague ask, How big is the problem? What can we do? By noon, you arrange a call for the attorneys to speak with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Hundreds of companies and executives with potential criminal exposure for violations of the Sherman Act have confronted this situation.1 A general counsel who confronts these situations may be able to seek amnesty-often with the guidance of outside counsel-on behalf of his company for these alleged violations under the Department of Justice Antitrust Division's Corporate Leniency Policy (Antitrust Amnesty Program).2 This Note uses amnesty to clarify that the benefits available under such programs, including those proposed for companies and individuals that report violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), include the elimination of criminal fines and jail sentences for certain executives.3 Now, with increasing frequency this tense scene is unfolding in boardrooms where legal teams have become aware of potential violations of the FCPA.4 This scene is a culmination of a decades-long history. The FCPA was enacted in response to the Watergate scandal, which uncovered myriad illegal contributions to President Nixon's reelection campaign and corporate slush funds used to bribe foreign officials and police.5 The antibribery provisions of the FCPA proscribe payments by individuals, United States corporations, and certain foreign issuers of securities to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.6 The FCPA's accounting provisions seek to ensure accurate record keeping associated with business transactions and require internal controls with management approval for transactions.7 Options for companies and individuals that uncover such conduct remain limited. Now, when confronted with revelations of FCPA issues within a company, a general counsel is unable to seek amnesty on behalf of the company when he or retained counsel contacts the Department of Justice (DOJ).8 Beyond the unavailability of amnesty, clarity does not characterize the enforcement of the FCPA by the Fraud Section of the DOJ's Criminal Division9 or the FCPA itself,10 undermining the ability of the general counsel to predict outcomes of investigations and to recommend effective action in response to the revelation of potentially violative conduct. The unavailability of amnesty to the company and to potential whistleblowers within the company-and the unlikelihood they could seek amnesty for these violations in the near future-has also undermined the DOJ's enforcement of the FCPA. A. Complexity, Lack of Clarity, and Their Effect on Enforcement For the general counsel, legal issues arising from FCPA-violating conduct are increasingly complex and seemingly limitless. Global investigations and raids now target potential violators of antibribery laws, as they do with violators of competition laws.11 Antitrust and FCPA issues may overlap such that a company is investigated for the same conduct by different federal agencies-to say nothing of overseas enforcers.12 Similarly, companies have confronted antitrust and tax investigations arising from the same internal reviews and parallel investigations.13 Securities and disclosure issues also arise for companies suspected of violating the FCPA, as there is an obligation to report improper payments under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other federal laws. …" @default.
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• W255686145 date "2012-03-01" @default.
• W255686145 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W255686145 title "Placing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on the Tracks in the Race for Amnesty" @default.
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