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• W2557854037 endingPage "142" @default.
• W2557854037 startingPage "131" @default.
• W2557854037 abstract "In nature, Drosophila is exposed chronically in larvae and intermittently in adults to sugar-rich food. Recent studies have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the physiological adaptations to dietary sugar intake and uncovered both metabolic evolutionarily conserved responses and unique adaptive mechanisms not described in mammals. Drosophila uses several mechanisms to coordinate adaptive responses to feeding, digestion, gut transit, and metabolic flux to ensure optimal carbohydrate intake and storage. These include intracellular sensors (Mondo–Mlx, ATP-sensitive K+ channel, HNF4a) and neuronal networks [Gr43a-, diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44)-, and SCL5A11-expressing neurons] as well as endocrinal signals emanating from the corpora cardiaca [Limostatin (Lst), adipokinetic hormone (AKH)] and the fat body [Dawdle (Daw), CCHamide-2, Unpaired 2 (Upd2)] to regulate carbohydrate homeostasis. Sugars are important energy sources, but high sugar intake poses a metabolic challenge and leads to diseases. Drosophila melanogaster is a generalist fruit breeder that encounters high levels of dietary sugars in its natural habitat. Consequently, Drosophila displays adaptive responses to dietary sugars, including highly conserved and unique metabolic adaptations not described in mammals. Carbohydrate homeostasis is maintained by a network comprising intracellular energy sensors, transcriptional regulators, and hormonal and neuronal mechanisms that together coordinate animal behavior, gut function, and metabolic flux. Here we give an overview of the physiological responses associated with sugar intake and discuss some of the emerging themes and applications of the Drosophila model in understanding sugar sensing and carbohydrate metabolism. Sugars are important energy sources, but high sugar intake poses a metabolic challenge and leads to diseases. Drosophila melanogaster is a generalist fruit breeder that encounters high levels of dietary sugars in its natural habitat. Consequently, Drosophila displays adaptive responses to dietary sugars, including highly conserved and unique metabolic adaptations not described in mammals. Carbohydrate homeostasis is maintained by a network comprising intracellular energy sensors, transcriptional regulators, and hormonal and neuronal mechanisms that together coordinate animal behavior, gut function, and metabolic flux. Here we give an overview of the physiological responses associated with sugar intake and discuss some of the emerging themes and applications of the Drosophila model in understanding sugar sensing and carbohydrate metabolism. cluster of endocrine cells adjacent to the proventriculus (anterior-most structure of the midgut) in adult flies. In larvae the CC is in the ring gland. The CC is sensitive to trehalose and glucose concentration and a source for endocrine signals for sugar homeostasis. Both Lst and AKH are produced from the CC. tissue that is functionally similar to mammalian liver and adipose tissue; the major site of trehalose, glycogen, and TAG synthesis. The fat body is also the major site for TAG and glycogen storage and a source for endocrine signals in response to sugar intake. fluid that is analogous to blood but does not disseminate oxygen. Glucose and trehalose are the major circulating sugars, with trehalose representing the bulk of the total sugar in the hemolymph. Endocrine signals transit the hemolymph to access target tissues. neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of the brain. These cells, which produce dILP2, 3, and 5, are believed to function similarly to pancreatic β cells to maintain hemolymph sugar homeostasis. equivalent of the mammalian small intestine and the major site of nutrient digestion and absorption. The main cell type is the enterocyte. The midgut also harbors enteroendocrine cells, which secrete neuropeptides with diverse physiological functions. the anterior midline of the brain; comprises IPCs and Dh44-producing cells, which play an important role in glucose sensing and carbohydrate metabolism." @default.
• W2557854037 created "2016-12-08" @default.
• W2557854037 creator A5018575502 @default.
• W2557854037 creator A5024349621 @default.
• W2557854037 creator A5026910100 @default.
• W2557854037 date "2017-02-01" @default.
• W2557854037 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W2557854037 title "Physiological Adaptations to Sugar Intake: New Paradigms from Drosophila melanogaster" @default.
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