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- W2558345715 abstract "fluid density. In the case of the vestibular system (a = 0.1mm, σ = 1Sm -1 and ρ = 1000kgm -3 ), for very high velocities (v = 10 ms -1 ) and magnetic field gradients (G = 10Tm -1 ) this is only equivalent to 10 -6 of the gravitational acceleration (g). The expression given in Ref. (2) for the pressure changes induced in a toroid due to motion in a strong magnetic field appears to assume angular rotation about the toroid diameter rather than its axis. The former geometry would not produce a deflection of the cupula within the fluid. Calculation of the effect of rotation about the toroid axis gives a smaller pressure change than that calculated in Ref. (2) which is significantly less than the 5 mPa threshold (3) for perception. GVS: Hair cells form linear deflection transduction sensors and respond to the displacement of the cupulae and the maculae. The hair cell has a static firing rate at zero displacement; deflection causes a change in firing rate which the brain interprets as movement (4). Changes in the electric field across the cell will also modulate the firing rate, giving a false perception of movement. The current densities required to elicit an effect are therefore likely to be lower than the accepted thresholds for peripheral nerve stimulation. Unfortunately, it is difficult to derive a direct relationship between the rate of change of magnetic field (dB/dt) experienced and the perceived acceleration because of the complicated nature of the signal transduction. In addition, the pattern of induced electric fields is likely to depend on the fine structure of the inner ear which it is difficult to simulate with currently available numerical modelling software. However, direct currents applied via vestibular (10µA (4)) or mastoid electrodes (1mA (5)) have been shown to modulate the firing rate of the vestibular hair cells. A simple analysis using modelling of induced (6) and directly applied (7) currents indicates that dB/dt values of 1Ts -1 could induce current densities similar to those occurring when 1mA is applied to the mastoid. Susceptibility: Comparing the magnetically induced force on an otolith, which depends on the susceptibility difference between otolith and fluid, ∆χ, and the product of the field and (axial) gradient B x G, together with the buoyancy force, yields a perceived axial acceleration of ρ ∆ µ" @default.
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- W2558345715 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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- W2558345715 title "Mechanisms for vertigo experienced by subjects in a high field environment: Hypotheses and Experiments" @default.
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