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• W2558566677 abstract "Hormones are frequently responsible for regulating multiple physiological, behavioral, and life history traits, each of which may have a different effect on overall fitness. Phenotypic engineering allows us to study the relationships and trade-offs between these factors by experimentally manipulating hormone levels and assessing the effects on phenotype and fitness at the level of the whole organism. For the past 30 years, our research group has been interested in the effects of testosterone on behavior, and the role selection has played in shaping existing hormone profiles in a songbird species, the dark-eyed junco ( Junco hyemalis ). We have approached this question using phenotypic engineering in the form of subcutaneous testosterone implants, first in males, and then later in females, and we summarize our results in this chapter. In brief, in males, the net effect of experimentally elevated testosterone was decreased offspring production with social mates, and decreased survival, but higher overall fitness due to an increase in siring extra-pair offspring. In females, however, treatment with elevated testosterone strongly decreased overall reproductive success, suggesting that, while selection might favor increased testosterone in males, the negative consequences for females may be constraining the evolution of this trait, resulting in a case of sexual conflict. However, circulating levels of testosterone in unmanipulated birds are labile rather than constant, so implant studies cannot provide a complete picture regarding the potential for evolutionary response to selection on hormone-mediated phenotypes. Selection has a myriad of targets involved in both testosterone synthesis and sensitivity on which it may act; we review some recent studies in the junco that examine some of these sources of individual variability." @default.
• W2558566677 created "2016-12-08" @default.
• W2558566677 creator A5004561486 @default.
• W2558566677 creator A5064235408 @default.
• W2558566677 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2558566677 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2558566677 title "The Function of Behavior as Assessed by Phenotypic Engineering with Testosterone" @default.
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