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• W2560776369 abstract "The term <italic>rendaku</italic>, sometimes translated as <italic>sequential voicing</italic>, denotes a morphophonemic phenomenon in Japanese. In a prototypical case, an alternating morpheme appears with an initial voiceless obstruent as a word on its own or as the initial element (E1) in a compound but with an initial voiced obstruent as the second element (E2) in a two-element compound. For example, the simplex word /take/ ‘bamboo’ and the compound /take+yabu/ ‘bamboo grove’ (cf. /yabu/ ‘grove’) begin with voiceless /t/, but this morpheme meaning ‘bamboo’ begins with voiced /d/ in /sao+dake/ ‘bamboo (made into a) pole’ (cf. /sao/ ‘pole’). <italic>Rendaku</italic> was already firmly established in 8th-century Old Japanese (OJ), the earliest variety for which extensive written records exist, and subsequent sound changes have made the alternations phonetically heterogeneous. Many OJ compounds with eligible E2s did not undergo <italic>rendaku</italic>, and the phenomenon remains pervasively irregular in modern Japanese. There are, however, many factors that promote or inhibit <italic>rendaku</italic>, and some of these appear to influence native-speaker behavior on experimental tasks. The best known phonological factor is Lyman’s Law, according to which <italic>rendaku</italic> does not apply to E2s that contain a non-initial voiced obstruent. Many theoretical phonologists endorse the idea that Lyman’s Law is a sub-case of the Obligatory Contour Principle, which rules out identical or similar units if they would be adjacent in some domain. Other well-known factors involve vocabulary stratum (e.g., the resistance to <italic>rendaku</italic> of recently borrowed E2s) or the morphological/semantic relationship between E2 and E1 (e.g., the resistance to <italic>rendaku</italic> of coordinate compounds). Some morphemes are idiosyncratically immune to <italic>rendaku</italic>. Other morphemes alternate but undergo <italic>rendaku</italic> in some compounds while failing to undergo it in others, even though no known factor is relevant. In addition, many individual compounds vary between a form with <italic>rendaku</italic> and a form without, and this variability is often not reflected in dictionary entries. Despite its irregularity, <italic>rendaku</italic> is productive in the sense that it often applies to newly created compounds. Many compounds, of course, are stored (with or without <italic>rendaku</italic>) in a speaker’s lexicon, but fact that native speakers can apply <italic>rendaku</italic> not just to existing E2s in novel compounds but even to made-up E2s shows that <italic>rendaku</italic> as an active process is somehow incorporated into the grammar." @default.
• W2560776369 created "2016-12-16" @default.
• W2560776369 creator A5073015421 @default.
• W2560776369 date "2017-03-29" @default.
• W2560776369 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2560776369 title "Rendaku or Sequential Voicing in Japanese Phonology" @default.
• W2560776369 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.280" @default.
• W2560776369 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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