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- W2562751746 abstract "From June 2009, every Canadian who enters the United States must have a passport or an equivalent document. This regulation will transform the once permeable, undefended, and easily traversed border for day trips into a high-security crossing point. The perception that the border has been thickened irreversibly post-9/11 has much truth to it. But, in fact, North America’s borders have been thick regulatory gates since World War II. Borders are fixed by law and geography and changed by circumstances and need.2 This combination of inflexibility and adaptation precisely describes the far-reaching transformation of the world’s many borders since 9/11 including the great northern border between Canada and the United States. Theoretically, borders have always been very complex places for security, citizenship, and the regulation of public health, the environment, and food safety—all at least partially exogenous forces.3 While countries prize these areas as spheres of sovereign competence, they will negotiate and share responsibility for health, the environment, immigration, and citizenship with other states when the need arises. Cross-border cooperation has grown immensely in the past 20–30 years almost everywhere except in high conflict zones of war and insurgency—with little or no NAFTA impulse. It was a misconception that NAFTA would render the border an element of the past and dismantle its security and sovereignty-enhancing character. The Canada-U.S. border has always been a bureaucratic mixture of thick and thin, but what is dramatically new and highly visible today is that Canada and the United States developed parallel security policies following the passage into law of the omnibus U.S. Homeland Security legislation following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Policing," @default.
- W2562751746 created "2017-01-06" @default.
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- W2562751746 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W2562751746 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2562751746 title "Chapter Six Thick Borders and the Challenge of North American Policy Coordination Post-Bush: What's Next ?" @default.
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