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• W2563669041 abstract "This paper reviews the geological and foraminiferal evidence collected during the course of extensive paleoceanographic and geological studies in the Black Sea, conducted largely by Eastern European scientists since 1970. Though this research has a long history, its most recent focus has been examining the Flood Hypothesis proposed by William Ryan and Walter Pitman, which proposes an abrupt and catastrophic flooding of the Pontic basin in the early Holocene. Specifically, the hypothesis states that the Black Sea was a freshwater lake with a surface about 140 m below present sea level between 14.7 and 10 ky BP, while at 7.2 ky BP (initial hypothesis) or 8.4 ky BP (modified hypothesis), the lake was rapidly inundated by Mediterranean water flowing through the Bosphorus, which forced the dispersion of early Neolithic people into the interior of Europe. The hypothesis further suggests that the event formed the historical basis for the biblical legend of Noah's Flood. This paper considers the period between 28 and 7 ky BP, and three crucial points are discussed: (1) the level and salinity of the Neoeuxinian lake; (2) the re-colonization of the Black Sea by Mediterranean immigrants-and by implication sea level and salinity changes due to connection/isolation between adjacent basins; and (3) an alternative to the Bosphorus as an inter-basin conduit. It will be shown that, prior to the moderately warm Wurm Paudorf (Middle Weichselian) Pleniglacial (prior to ca. 27 ky BP), a brackish Tarkhankutian basin was connected with the Sea of Marmara. At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), this connection was interrupted, and the level of the Tarkhankutian basin dropped to about -100 m, transforming this basin into a closed Early Neoeuxinian lake. In the warming climate of ca. 17 ky BP, a massive water discharge originating most likely from the Caspian Sea and arriving via the Manych Spillway increased the level of the Late Neoeuxinian lake to about -20 m. Excess semi-fresh to brackish water must have spilled into the Sea of Marmara and from there into the Mediterranean. During the short climatic cooling episode of the Younger Dryas, the level of the lake dropped from -20 to -50 m and then rose again to about -20 m. After ca. 10" @default.
• W2563669041 created "2017-01-06" @default.
• W2563669041 creator A5013350200 @default.
• W2563669041 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W2563669041 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2563669041 title "CONTROVERSY OVER NOAH'S FLOOD IN THE BLACK SEA: GEOLOGICAL AND" @default.
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• W2563669041 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
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