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• W2563758839 abstract "INTRODUCTIONIn the present time, depression is one of the most important mental health problems among employees. Depression has been linked to higher organizational costs, absenteeism, and reduced work performance, productivity, increases disability, and premature early retirement. A person never becomes the victim of depression all of sudden but it progresses through different stages. It is the depressive symptoms that occur first in individuals and lead to different types of depression when these symptoms persist for certain period without any proper management which is diagnosed and classified with the help of ICD and DSM. Depressive symptoms are defined as those that do not guarantee a psychiatric diagnosis of depression, occur even more often. Depressive symptoms by themselves constitute an important mental health problem, as they are associated with increased use of health services, disability, and risk of attempted suicide (Johnson, Weissman, & Klerman, 1992). The onset of depressive symptoms can be measured through well standardized psychological scales and this may help in managing the problems of depression at early stage. There are number of individuals and organizational factors which directly or indirectly play an important role in determining the depressive symptoms. Organizational role stress and collectivistic culture are the factors that may play a pivotal role in onset of depressive symptoms of employees particularly the executives of the organizations.Organizational role stress and depressive symptomsOrganizational role stress is related to the role stress. Role stress refers to the conflict and tension due to the roles being enacted by a person at any given point of time. (Pareek, 2003). Enacted in the context of organizations, such role stresses are called organizational role stress. It may be in terms of role overload, role ambiguity, and role conflict.Role overload is defined as having too much work in too little time, role conflict involves irreconcilable demands between two or more requirements in a job, and role ambiguity indicates uncertainty that arises when individuals have inadequate information concerning their roles and it is the lack of clear and predictable work demands (Jackson & Schuler, 1985; Glazer & Beehr, 2005).Role stress also leads to psychological strain which occurs when organizational stress leads to ineffective cognitive functioning (Beehr & Glazer, 2005; Jackson & Schuler, 1985). The research model proposed by Bhagat et al (2010) depicts the three facets of organizational stress (i.e. role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload) that are antecedents of psychological strain. Both role ambiguity and role conflict have been shown to increase emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, while decreasing feelings of personal accomplishment (Cordes, & Dougherty, 1993; Miller, Zook & Ellis, 1989; and Lee & Ashforth, 1991). Prospective studies suggest that work stressors such as conflict are likely to increase depressive symptoms (e.g. Dormann & Zapf, 1999). The scientific results have indicated that role conflict is the most intense predictor of the emotional component of the syndrome (emotional exhaustion) (Jawahar, Stone, & Kisamore, 2007; and Mohr & Puck, 2007), role ambiguity is the most intense predictor of the cognitive component (low personal accomplishment) (Ortqvist & Wincent, 2006), whereas role overload is positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness (Senol- Durak, Durak, & Gencoz, 2006).Collectivistic culture and depressive symptomsCollectivism is defined as being more oriented to social interdependence, cooperation, and social norms of the in-group, rather than to one's own personal preferences, thoughts, and feelings (Hui, 1988). Employees in collectivistic countries tend to perceive more coping resources (social support) available (e.g., Triandis, Bon-tempo, Villareal, Asai, & Lucca, 1988), which could account for their less negative reactions to the work demand and occupational stress. …" @default.
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• W2563758839 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W2563758839 title "Role of Collectivism as a Moderator between the Relationship of Organizational Role Stress and Depressive Symptoms among Executives in Private Sector Organizations" @default.
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