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• W2563894006 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The number of Americans killed within the United States every year from gang violence far surpasses the number of Americans killed at home and abroad in terrorist attacks or in combat with terrorist groups. (1) Both federal and state governments have various laws that seek to curb gang activity and provide punishment for crimes that take place in the context of gang violence. (2) Gang violence in America over the past decade has been taking place against the dramatic backdrop of the global war on terror. (3) The events of September 11, 2001 (9/11) triggered an enormous expenditure of resources from the federal government to combat terrorism and prevent its spread abroad and domestically. (4) These terrorist organizations swell their ranks through recruitment of disaffected youth and young adults. (5) Given the amount of gun violence in American cities that results from gang warfare and shares many of the characteristics of what the government considers terrorism in its foreign and domestic capacities, should the federal government consider classifying violent gang offenses as acts of terrorism? (6) This Note will explore the question of whether the Federal Government should consider violent gang offenses as acts of domestic terrorism. (7) In Part II, this Note will explore the history of American street gangs, briefly touching on gangs that developed in the early twentieth century and before, and survey the development of domestic terrorism. (8) Part III will explain the current designation of foreign and domestic terrorism under American law by exploring federal and state statutes and case law, addressing how foreign nations and international bodies define domestic terrorism, and assessing the present organizational and demographic status of American street gangs. (9) Part IV will return to the original issue of whether certain gang activity should legally be considered terrorism, will discuss potential barriers to accomplishing this, and whether those barriers can be overcome. (10) Part IV will also look at the previously discussed classifications of terrorist organizations by the international community to determine whether there is any precedent for this sort of action. (11) Part V will conclude that it is necessary, in the interest of crime prevention and insurance of the general welfare, to classify violent gang activity as terrorism and subject gang members who commit violent offenses to federal terrorism laws. (12) II. HISTORY A. Charting the Development of American Street Gangs Some of the earliest gangs in the United States took the form of pirates and bandits in the late eighteenth century. (13) On and along the Mississippi River, a symbol of American trade and commercial progress, criminal activity flourished as settlers began to expand across the continent. (14) Even prior to the American Revolution, rival neighborhood gangs in Puritan Boston would confront each other every year and brawl after the annual Guy Fawkes Day riots. (15) Though such riots took place in other cities, the Boston riots were infamous for being the most violent, fueled by the most intense religious fervor. (16) The Mississippi River gangs and Boston riots were typical of gang activity in colonial America and in the early years of the Republic. (17) Though urban street gangs were in existence in the years after the American Revolution, their organization was minimal and their development did not truly flourish until the early nineteenth century. (18) New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles highlight the emergence of street gangs in America. (19) In the Northeast, the squalor and overcrowding of major cities sparked early American gang activity, partly as a result of the coalescence of different immigrant groups living side by side in poor neighborhoods. (20) During this period, immigrants were housed in filthy public tenements and the social services known to American society today did not exist. …" @default.
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• W2563894006 date "2016-06-22" @default.
• W2563894006 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2563894006 title "A New Strategy to End Gang Violence: Classifying Certain Offenses Committed in the Context of Gang Violence as Acts of Terrorism" @default.
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