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• W256977556 abstract "ONE CRITIC OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN, Sandra Miesel, concludes that the identification of prototypes and analogies is, at best, limited accomplishment (43). And so it is with one of Tolkien's simple and favorite subjects--dogs. In make-believe world, time, and place filled with fantastic creatures (some supernatural, some just plain bizarre), Tolkien depends on dogs to achieve variety of literary goals. Dogs certainly appear as real dogs in the novels, but they also provide basis for numerous analogies, both metaphor and simile. Understanding how extensively and for what explicit purpose(s) Tolkien employs dog references in The Lord of the Rings, perhaps the fantasy-fiction work of the twentieth-century, will not only increase the appeal of the work and foster greater appreciation of the author's writing skills, but will also allow readers to more easily grasp Tolkien's intent. Aware of the familiarity with and affection for dogs on the part of the people of the Middle Ages, as well as of his own contemporary reading audience, not to mention of himself and his children, Tolkien alludes to dogs several times. They help make very long, grandiose six-book novel more palatable. Dogs play both literal and figurative roles. Literally, they open and close the story, thereby focusing reader-attention on the ordinary, everyday life in the rural communities of the Shire and Bree. Though dogs have only minor physical presence in the medieval-like setting of The Lord of the Rings, they usher hobbits and readers alike into and back from the fantastical splendors of Rivendell and Lothlorien, lands of the Elves; and of Rohan and Gondor, lands of the horse-lords and kings of old. The juxtaposition of one of the lowliest and most commonplace creatures of everyday life against the fantastic, outlandish (The Lord of the Rings [LotR] I.1.24), strange and queer (I.2.43) denizens of fictional world grounds readers in the mundane setting from which Frodo and Sam depart and to which they gratefully return. However, in the hands of Tolkien, the language-meister, figurative language involving dogs accomplishes much more. Library shelves are filled with books that explore the major themes, mythological and legendary sources, nature and purposes of the supernatural and non-human creatures, geographical and chronological settings, and linguistic/language peculiarities in Tolkien's works. Likewise, whether derived from mythology, legend, or real life, or intended for simple or complex purposes, Tolkien's symbols and imagery have attracted numerous scholars. Regarding the sources of and purposes for the particular subjects that Tolkien converts into imagery, Thomas A. Shippey argues that Tolkien reserves greatest weight and longest consideration to poems, tales, phrases, [and] images, to aid in the portrayals of individuals as well as whole races and species, including the elves and dwarves (Road 48). Based on his own analysis of various images that appear specifically in The Lord of the Rings, Shippey focuses on the wraith, claiming that it functions as central image of evil (Author xxxi). In another work he notes that the shadow also reflects a distinctive image of evil (Road 111). (1) While great deal of attention has been showered on Tolkien's mythological and legendary prototypes and allusions, the objects derived from everyday, mundane life have drawn far less attention. Notwithstanding, few critics have examined some of these ordinary objects. For example, Paul Kocher suggests that in Tolkien's essay On Fairy-Stories and the short Leaf by Niggle, both the leaf and the tree are used figuratively to refer to literary concerns such as the creation of human wonder or single story in writer's portfolio (162). David and Carol Stevens are convinced that in The Hobbit the lowly pocket handkerchief is recurring motif or prosaic element that creates sense of reality and tie[s] the action of the to the here-and-now (62). …" @default.
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• W256977556 date "2009-03-22" @default.
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• W256977556 title "Tolkien and Dogs, Just Dogs: in Metaphor and Simile" @default.
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