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- W2571016552 abstract "Summary There is evidence that low‐grade inflammation may be responsible for pain and development of degenerative changes in temporomandibular joint internal derangement. This article reviews the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind TMJ internal derangements. A non‐systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library for studies regarding pathophysiological mechanisms behind internal derangements focusing on pain‐mediating inflammatory and cartilage‐degrading molecules. Recent data suggest that release of cytokines may be the key event for pain and cartilage destruction in TMJ internal derangements. Cytokines promote the release of matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP s), and due to hypoxia, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) is released. This activates chondrocytes to produce MMP s and reduce their tissue inhibitors ( TIMP s) as well as the recruitment of osteoclasts, ultimately leading to cartilage and bone resorption. Also, proteoglycans have an important role in this process. Several cytokines, MMP s, TIMP s and VEGF have been identified in higher concentrations in the TMJ synovial fluid of patients with painful internal derangements and shown to be associated with the degree of degeneration. Other molecules that show elevated levels include hyaluronic acid synthase, disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs ( ADAMT s), aggrecan, fibromodulin, biglycan and lumican. Taken together, more or less pronounced inflammation of TMJ structures with release of cytokines, MMP s and other molecular markers that interact in a complex manner may be responsible for tissue degeneration in internal derangements. As internal derangements may be symptom‐free, the degree of inflammation, but also other mechanisms, may be important for pain development." @default.
- W2571016552 created "2017-01-13" @default.
- W2571016552 creator A5009758954 @default.
- W2571016552 date "2017-01-30" @default.
- W2571016552 modified "2023-10-04" @default.
- W2571016552 title "The role of molecular pain biomarkers in temporomandibular joint internal derangement" @default.
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- W2571016552 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12480" @default.
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- W2571016552 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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