FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2573264361> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2573264361 abstract "Under customary international law, a state’s ability to espouse the claims of its nationals and subsequently file a suit against another state is limited by the rule of incorporation. This has been clear at least since the seminal decision of the International Court of Justice in Barcelona Traction, where it was decided that Belgium could not seek recourse against Spain by espousing the claims of Belgian stockholders in Barcelona Traction, a Canadian company. Equally, claims by locally incorporated entities against the host state are not possible under customary international law. The strict incorporation test has nevertheless become obsolete, if not thrust aside, by the emergence of investment treaties. In fact, the unprecedented and drastic change brought about by investment treaties is all the more evident when considering the whole new array of nationality rules they have solidified. Investment treaties allow for shareholder claims explicitly or by reference to shareholding as one of the covered forms of investment. Some investment treaties go a step further by allowing locally incorporated entities to directly file a claim against the host state provided that such entities are controlled by nationals or legal entities of the other Contracting Party. Claims by locally incorporated entities are also provided for under the ICSID Convention. However the ICSID Convention, unlike investment treaties, allows for such claims by reference to a “foreign control” test. Setting out from this premise, this article does not intend to touch upon all of the nationality rules encountered in modem international investment law. Rather, it focuses on the standing of locally incorporated entities. In particular, it asks whether locally incorporated entities controlled by nationals of the host state qualify as covered investors, and if so, whether there is a difference between ICSID and non-ICSID claims. In a nutshell, this article establishes that when a locally incorporated entity files a claim against the host state (the state of its incorporation), the operation of the foreign control test under the ICSID Convention enables an investment tribunal to unlimitedly pierce the corporate veil and assess whether the locally incorporated entity is ultimately controlled by nationals of the host state. In this case, an ICSID tribunal will have to deny the vesting of its jurisdiction because the locally incorporated entity cannot satisfy the foreign control test. This principle was first introduced in 2008 by the tribunal in TSA Spectrum v. Argentina and has recently solidified in the rulings of Burimi v. Albania and National Gas v. Egypt. On the contrary, when nationals of the host state ultimately control a locally incorporated entity but decide to file a claim against the host state through an intermediate company, incorporated in the other Contracting State, the locally incorporated entity is treated as an investment of the intermediate entity. In this case, an ICSID tribunal cannot pierce the corporate veil and assess whether the intermediate company is ultimately controlled by nationals of the host state." @default.
• W2573264361 created "2017-01-26" @default.
• W2573264361 creator A5025467863 @default.
• W2573264361 date "2016-04-25" @default.
• W2573264361 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2573264361 title "Standing of Locally Incorporated Entities in International Investment Law and the Notion of 'Foreign Control'" @default.
• W2573264361 hasPublicationYear "2016" @default.
• W2573264361 type Work @default.
• W2573264361 sameAs 2573264361 @default.
• W2573264361 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W2573264361 crossrefType "posted-content" @default.
• W2573264361 hasAuthorship W2573264361A5025467863 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C10138342 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C120757647 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C185436325 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C190253527 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C27548731 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C2777138209 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C2779921323 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C2780060422 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C2780608745 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C33842695 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C39389867 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C55447825 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C70036468 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C10138342 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C120757647 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C144133560 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C162324750 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C17744445 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C185436325 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C190253527 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C199539241 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C27548731 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C2777138209 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C2779921323 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C2780060422 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C2780608745 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C33842695 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C39389867 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C55447825 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C70036468 @default.
• W2573264361 hasConceptScore W2573264361C94625758 @default.
• W2573264361 hasLocation W25732643611 @default.
• W2573264361 hasOpenAccess W2573264361 @default.
• W2573264361 hasPrimaryLocation W25732643611 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W1528240448 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W1553465916 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W1556777915 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W1830857116 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W1834169199 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2116951730 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2200935674 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2292093010 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2486114356 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2495802484 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2565591068 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2761473229 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2794467086 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2892460157 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2964663811 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2976518679 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W3107092748 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W3123366978 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W759960769 @default.
• W2573264361 hasRelatedWork W2169659131 @default.
• W2573264361 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2573264361 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2573264361 magId "2573264361" @default.
• W2573264361 workType "article" @default.