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• W2574221010 abstract "The Referent of Accented Pronouns is Determined by Coherence Relations Ryan C. Taylor (r.taylor@rug.nl) CLCG/BCN NeuroImaging Center, University of Groningen P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands Laurie A. Stowe (l.a.stowe@rug.nl) CLCG/BCN NeuroImaging Center, University of Groningen P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands Gisela Redeker (g.redeker@rug.nl) CLCG, University of Groningen P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands John C. J. Hoeks (j.c.j.hoeks@rug.nl) CLCG/BCN NeuroImaging Center, University of Groningen P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract This study investigates the effect of coherence relations and accent on pronoun reference. Participants heard sentences like John saw Jeff, and Jane called him, and indicated which noun the pronoun referred to. Here, the pronoun is said to be am- biguous because it can refer either to John or to Jeff. The sentences had one of two different types of coherence rela- tions (Kehler, 2002), and were varied for pronoun accent. Co- herence relations describe the relation between two different propositions. Accenting the pronoun changed the referent in one coherence relation condition, but not the other. Contra Kehler, Kertz, Rohde, and Elman (2008), different coherence relations responded to accenting in dissimilar ways. Further- more, coherence relations were more important in determining pronoun referent than syntax, against Smyth (1994). Keywords: Discourse Processing; Pronoun Interpretation; Prosody; Accent; Parallel Structure; Coreference. Introduction Pronouns are used to indicate entities already accessible within the discourse model, and accenting is used to make items more salient. Therefore, accenting a pronoun seems paradoxical at first: Why draw attention to something which is already active? Pronouns themselves are not straightfor- ward. There are sometimes several candidates for reference and therefore there is a risk of ambiguity. Nevertheless, pro- nouns are used with great frequency. What is more, they are used more often by those with limited processing capacities (Hendriks, Englert, Wubs, & Hoeks, 2008). It follows that the interpretation of ambiguous pronouns has long been of interest to both psycholinguists and computational linguists, with influential models from one field being used in the other (Ledoux, Gordon, Camblin, & Swaab, 2007; Gordon, Grosz, & Gilliom, 1993). Accenting is itself controversial. In spite of being recognized as important, the workings of prosody are still a matter of debate (Fodor, 2002; Shneiderman, 2000). Researching accented pronouns is all the more relevant in view of Kothari (2007). This corpus study demonstrated that pronouns are accented in natural speech in order to change their referent to a less expected referent. Corpus data repre- sents proof that a particular construction is used in language. Kothari (2007) concludes that her work corroborates previous experimental work (that of Venditti, Stone, Nanda, & Tepper, 2002), but she also found accenting unrelated to coherence- parallelling. Speaker, or more specifically speaker style was an important factor in determining the frequency of pronoun accenting. Thus, we bring together pronoun reference and prosody in the form of accented pronouns. We propose that the result is a greater understanding of both pronouns and accenting. The Resolution of Ambiguous Pronouns The importance of understanding pronoun resolution is per- haps best demonstrated by the large amount of research that has already been done. In particular, pronoun research in psy- cholinguistics has focussed on parallel sentences with an am- biguous pronoun. The term ambiguous has traditionally re- ferred to morphological ambiguity, in the sense that the pro- noun has the same gender as two or more nouns in the preced- ing sentence (see Smyth, 1994; Kehler et al., 2008; Venditti et al., 2002). These are sentences with two clauses as shown in (1): John 1 saw Jeff 2 , and Stephen called him. NP 1 VP NP 2 and NP 3 VP Pro In order to be a parallel sentence, each of the clauses must have a verb (VP) and a subject (NP 1 , NP 3 ), and be conjoined by and. Parallel sentences have been much explored in the litera- ture. Many of the initial attempts to explain coreference in these sentences creatively exploited syntactic theory. Early syntactic accounts suggested that the grammatical role was the most important feature in determining pronoun reference. Smyth (1994), however, put forward the Extended Feature Marking Hypothesis (EFMH); the idea that it is the degree of match between the grammatical roles in the first and sec- ond sentences which is most important, and not the grammat- ical role per se. For example, in his sentences (2-a. and -b.)" @default.
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• W2574221010 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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• W2574221010 title "The referent of accented pronouns is determined by coherence relations" @default.
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