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• W2574945851 abstract "The salinisation of inland water bodies occurs in many parts of the world. This issue is serious in Australia, especially in agricultural areas where pollution caused by pesticides is also prevalent. Even though mixture toxicity studies have been carried out for various classes of chemicals, little information is available on the toxicities of the combined effects of pesticides and salinity on freshwater aquatic biota. Aquatic organisms inhabiting salt-affected inland water bodies experience the effects of salinity over generations. Thus, there may be differences in the sensitivity of these organisms to salt-induced changes from those caused by other toxicants. There is no scientific information on how salinity-affected freshwater organisms respond to various agrochemicals in such environments.Two representative test species, viz. the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia carinata were selected to study the effects of salinity individually and as mixtures with selected pesticides (atrazine, molinate and chlorpyrifos).The experiments consisted of effects of multigenerational exposure to salinity on the life history traits of these two species. The acute toxicities of individual toxicants and their mixtures on these two species were also studied. Finally, the acute toxicities of individual and mixtures of toxicants on both species acclimatised to salinity over multiple generations were compared with non-acclimatised populations. P. subcapitata (normal salinity 100 μS/cm) exposed to elevated salinities (3000 and 6000 μS/cm) Over five sequential cultures (C0 - C4) had significant (p ≤ 0.05) adverse effects on growth rate, number of cell divisions per day and generation time except for the second culture (C 1). All cultures from C1 to C4 had significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) cell yields than C0 for both the elevated salinities. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between cultures were observed (compared with C0) in terms of the growth rate, cell divisions per day, generation time and cell yield indicating that stress induced by e leva ted salinity persisted over the five sequential cultures.D. carinata (normal salinity 200 μS/cm) were maintained at elevated salinities (2000, 4000, 5500 and 6300 μS/cm) for four generations (F0 - F3). Salinities ≥ 5500 μS/cm significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) their reproductive ability, intrinsic rate of natural increase and ingestion rates. Neonatal length was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) at ≥ 2000 μS/cm while filtration rate was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) at ≥ 5500 and 4000 μS/cm for the F1 and F2 generations, respectively; no significant differences were found for the F0 generation. Significant delays (p ≤ 0.05) in the reproduction also occurred with increasing salinities. Development of tolerance to salinity .as an adaptation over generations was not clearly evident from these results. Cladoceran populations may be impacted due to reduced food availability (due to direct effects of salinity on the alga) at salinities ≥ 3000…" @default.
• W2574945851 created "2017-01-26" @default.
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• W2574945851 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W2574945851 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2574945851 title "Effects of salinity, atrazine, molinate and chlorpyrifos individually and as mixtures to the freshwater alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and cladoceran Daphnia carinata" @default.
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