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• W2575278329 abstract "At first glance juvenile crime appears to be declining. In 2012 the Juvenile Offenders and Victims National Report indicated that between 1985 and 2009, an estimated 1.5 million delinquency cases involved juveniles charged with law violations (Knoll & Sickmund, 2012). Additionally, between 1997 and 2009, delinquency caseloads decreased by 20 percent (Knoll & Sickmund, 2012). The National Center for Juvenile Justice also reported that although the number of juvenile court cases involving violent offenses (e.g., homicide, forcible rape, aggravated assault) fell by 8 percent between 2008 and 2009, the juvenile case rates increased by 87 percent for drug law violations, 79 percent for public order offenses, and 71 percent for personal offenses (Puzzanchera, Adams, & Hocke nberry, 2012). (.These public order offenses, such as obstruction of justice, disorderly conduct, liquor law violations, and nonviolent sex offenses, were often observed in younger juveniles.Juveniles younger than age sixteen accounted for 52 percent of all delinquency cases, 59 percent of personal offenses, 53 percent of property offenses, 49 percent of public order cases, and 39 percent of drug law violations (Knoll & Sickmund, 2012). Delinquency caseloads also varied according to gender. Between 1985 and 2009, female cases increased by 28 percent, compared to 19 percent for males (Knoll & Sickmund, 2012). However, caseloads for both male and female delinquency in 2009 had greater proportions of person, drug, and public order offense cases than in 1985 (Puzzanchera et al., 2012). When examined in context, these category-specific increases raise an interesting question: might these public order and nonviolent offenses actually be normal adolescent behavior that has been mislabeled as criminal offense, and thereby socially developed into juvenile delinquency?The concept of juvenile delinquency and punishment being subject to socially developed processes is not entirely new. Some researchers (McCarthy & Hoge, 1987) have long argued that the social production of school punishment has the ability to produce racial disadvantages as a result of school discipline processes. The goal of this study is to determine whether juvenile behavior is being criminalized. In furtherance of the study goal, the researchers formulated one research question and two research probes.Q : Do student behaviors rise to a level that warrants a formal justice intervention?P : Is there an identifiable disparity in the race/ethnicity of juveniles being charged in the school?Pq Is there an identifiable disparity in charge severity between minority and nonminority students in the target school?The additional probes were included because of the growing literature that suggests that a disproportionate minority impact may exist in school systems. However, the core of this study is the issue of the criminalization of juvenile behavior.Crime Control or Childhood Criminalization?The issue of criminalizing juvenile behavior can be complex at times and is often situated in the context of school behavior. Many jurisdictions have implemented school resource officer (SRO) programs to overhaul security measures in the public schools. School resource officers are law enforcement officers who are permanently assigned to a school, and the school serves as the officer's patrol area. School resource officers typically work with the school administration to handle the more serious rule violations within the school, such as weapons and drug violations on campus. As SRO programs spread, a growing concern has emerged.More and more juveniles were being arrested in schools by SROs on charges that did not seem to fit the behavior in which the students were engaging. Matthew Theriot (2009) has referred to this process as the criminalization of student behavior. Others have also expressed concerns that some strategies designed to make schools safer, particularly the growing number of SROs, might actually criminalize student behavior and lead to a substantial increase in school-based arrests (Brown, 2006; Hirschfield, 2008; Lawrence, 2007). …" @default.
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• W2575278329 date "2014-05-01" @default.
• W2575278329 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2575278329 title "Criminalizing Childhood: The Social Development of Juvenile Crime in a Rural North Carolina School" @default.
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