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• W257730273 abstract "1. Introduction The European Union has recently paid a lot of attention to shaping the EU research policy in order to strengthen the European role in science and technology worldwide. The Research Directorate-General of the European Commission launched (January, 2000) the communication Towards a European research area (Towards 2000). Said Philippe Busquin: (the communication) is meant to contribute to the better overall framework conditions for research in Europe, and adds: it will rather be the result of a process to which all the relevant actors will have to contribute. The communication was adopted in March 2000 during the Portugal presidency of the EU. The first step implementing European Research Area (ERA) is the proposal for the 6th Framework Programme (2002-2006) (Proposal 2001). It clearly states three objectives: 1) to integrate European research; 2) to structure the European Research Area; 3) to strengthen the basis of the European Research Area. It is obvious that today the European research pattern is still fragmented and the top-down (i.e. EU) and bottom-up (i.e. national) initiatives should be encouraged. At present these initiatives serve mostly different interests with only certain overlapping activities. This is not surprising because research activities in are basically national. Only about 17% of the total public expenditure on European research is by joint efforts and only about one third of that (i.e. 5.4%) is through the European Commission (Towards 2000). The ERA communication defines many aspects of future EU activities, among them clearly directed towards coherence are: * more coherent implementation of national and European research activities; * greater European cohesion in research based ... on the role of the regions in the European research efforts; * bringing together the scientific communities, companies and researchers of Western and Eastern Europe. The last concerns, in other words, improving the contacts between member and candidate countries. The OST analysis says: Closing this gap is a major challenge for Europe (European 2001). The proposal for the 6th FP serves the idea of contributing to the full realization of ERA (Proposal 2001). It stresses stronger connection with national initiatives and the genuine partnership between the EU and its member countries. In this paper some ideas are presented, reflecting possible ways to develop science and technology policies, especially in smaller countries. We focus on Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC), where some problems that stem from the recent past, are still to be taken into account. Then we address the experience in smaller Western European countries and try to draw some conclusions about the national strategies in S&T of CEEC, which should be helpful as well in constructing the European Research Area. 2. Current situation Creating a whole from the parts brings up several problems as the case studies show (European 1999, ALLEA 2000). There are many ideas shared by all the actors: quality of research should be promoted, co-operation, networking and mobility are important, governmental funds and/or special incentives should be created for priorities, there should be mechanisms for disseminating knowledge to the public, research ethics is important, etc. These ideas are all stressed as significant on European scale (Towards 2000). Nevertheless, not all goes smoothly, especially in the candidate countries. There are at least two types of potential conflicts of interest: size-conditioned between large and small countries, and status-conditioned between member and candidate countries. In 1999, ALLEA (the Association of All European Academies) established a working group (WG) to analyse the research strategies in smaller European countries. The first Report of this WG to the General Assembly of ALLEA in 2000 has indicated several special incentives together with some weak points, typical of the smaller countries from Central and Eastern (ALLEA 2000). …" @default.
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• W257730273 date "2003-03-01" @default.
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• W257730273 title "From Parts to Whole" @default.
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