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- W2578752802 abstract "One of the truly remarkable discoveries in modern biology is the finding that the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems use a common chemical language for intra- and inter-system communication. Specifically, the endocrine and immune systems produce a common set of molecules that act on a common repertoire of receptors in the 2 systems. Here, I will also review more recent studies that have delineated hardwired and humoral pathways for such bidirectional communication. This is discussed in the context of the idea that the sharing of ligands and receptors allows the immune system to serve as the sixth sense that notifies the endocrine system of the presence of entities, such as viruses and bacteria, that are imperceptible to the classic senses. Based on this, attempts are made to explain the increasing strong evidence that high yielding dairy cows are extremely susceptible to infectious diseases and that this has severe economic consequences for the dairy industry and welfare implications. Preliminary functional evidence will be presented showing that the innate immune response differs among cow breeds and that these differences are potentially linked to selective pressure on the endocrine system in the widest sense (meaning selection for higher production), which resulted in a potential appropriate “loss of function” with respect to immune parameters. It will be shown that the ability of macrophages (MØ) to kill pathogens using oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms differ among cow breeds. The oxygen-dependent mechanisms rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS production has been shown to activate the inflammasome complex in MØ, leading to increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Conversely, RNS inhibits inflammasome mediated IL-1β activation, indicating a division between inflammasome activation and RNS production. These differences are linked to the ability of cows to deal with invading pathogens. Collectively, these preliminary data suggest that the dichotomy of inflammasome activation and RNS production exists in cattle and differs between these 2 breeds. As pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways are involved in the assessed functional differences presented herein, the data potentially aid the identification of in vitro predictors of appropriate innate immune response. Finally, these predictors may assist in discovering candidate genes conferring increased disease resistance for future use in combination with known production traits." @default.
- W2578752802 created "2017-01-26" @default.
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- W2578752802 date "2016-09-01" @default.
- W2578752802 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2578752802 title "S0121 Are we loosing our sixth sense?" @default.
- W2578752802 doi "https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2016.94supplement411x" @default.
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