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• W2579663401 abstract "i ABSTRACT Population growth, poverty and agricultural intensification are putting pressures on Central American forests. In Panama, an increase in the area used for subsistence agriculture has been correlated to a continued decline in forest cover. Increasing deforestation is impacting rural peasants who find themselves in a subsistence crisis perpetuated by unsustainable agricultural practices such as slash and burn. As part of the ENVR 451 internship course, we investigated the link between poverty alleviation and conservation of the natural environment in order to provide our host institution, CREA (Conservation through Research, Education and Action), with recommendations for the community outreach and farmers training programs they are planning on conducting in the community of La Zahina, Panama. In Panama, 52% of the poor are rural and women disproportionately represented in this group. The literature on rural poverty, development theories and income diversification strategies was reviewed for development project options in La Zahina. Rural non-farm employment (RNFE) was highlighted as a viable alternative to include women in household income generation activities independent on the extraction of the surrounding natural resources. The guiding principle is that an increase in economic well-being of individuals will bring a decrease in environmental degradation. This literature review was coupled with field work sessions in La Zahina. This isolated community composed of approximately 110 people is representative of many small villages in rural Panama. A survey to collect baseline socioeconomic data was primarily conducted to get an idea of the demographic profile and dynamics of the community. The information gathered through this general survey was then followed by more in-depth interviews as well as focus groups on issues relevant to the community. The field work sessions yielded interesting results. For example, the village is composed of a disproportionate amount of men as opposed to women, however women lack any sort of group organization. The average level of schooling in the village is grade 6. All families, with no exception, are dependent on the land for subsistence and only a limited number of farmers engage in market activities. Schooling options for youth are largely undermined by financial and access issues and a majority of women are interested in various training workshops in the hope of bettering their livelihoods. The field work results highlight much of the vulnerability of rural populations, as well as the development-related challenges in remote areas. A sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) to development, with a focus on income diversification in tandem with agriculture, is applied to these results to explore the viability of small rural business in the context of La Zahina. Recommendations are made, not to suggest the most feasible product, but rather to guide a more thorough evaluation of the ideas raised in group sessions with the community.Population growth, poverty and agricultural intensification are putting pressures on Central American forests. In Panama, an increase in the area used for subsistence agriculture has been correlated to a continued decline in forest cover. Increasing deforestation is impacting rural peasants who find themselves in a subsistence crisis perpetuated by unsustainable agricultural practices such as slash and burn. As part of the ENVR 451 internship course, we investigated the link between poverty alleviation and conservation of the natural environment in order to provide our host institution, CREA (Conservation through Research, Education and Action), with recommendations for the community outreach and farmers training programs they are planning on conducting in the community of La Zahina, Panama. In Panama, 52% of the poor are rural and women disproportionately represented in this group. The literature on rural poverty, development theories and income diversification strategies was reviewed for development project options in La Zahina. Rural non-farm employment (RNFE) was highlighted as a viable alternative to include women in household income generation activities independent on the extraction of the surrounding natural resources. The guiding principle is that an increase in economic well-being of individuals will bring a decrease in environmental degradation. This literature review was coupled with field work sessions in La Zahina. This isolated community composed of approximately 110 people is representative of many small villages in rural Panama. A survey to collect baseline socioeconomic data was primarily conducted to get an idea of the demographic profile and dynamics of the community. The information gathered through this general survey was then followed by more in-depth interviews as well as focus groups on issues relevant to the community. The field work sessions yielded interesting results. For example, the village is composed of a disproportionate amount of men as opposed to women, however women lack any sort of group organization. The average level of schooling in the village is grade 6. All families, with no exception, are dependent on the land for subsistence and only a limited number of farmers engage in market activities. Schooling options for youth are largely undermined by financial and access issues and a majority of women are interested in various training workshops in the hope of bettering their livelihoods. The field work results highlight much of the vulnerability of rural populations, as well as the development-related challenges in remote areas. A sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) to development, with a focus on income diversification in tandem with agriculture, is applied to these results to explore the viability of small rural business in the context of La Zahina. Recommendations are made, not to suggest the most feasible product, but rather to guide a more thorough evaluation of the ideas raised in group sessions with the community." @default.
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• W2579663401 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W2579663401 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2579663401 title "A Preliminary Rural Livelihood Assessment Community dynamics and income diversification strategies in La Zahina, Panama" @default.
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