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• W2581749856 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION TO THE SHARING ECONOMY AND UBER TECHNOLOGIESSharing is a newly coined term for an ancient economic system1 embracing community ownership, efficient use of resources, scaled-back consumption, and localized production.2 In a Sharing Economy, many small-scale sharing ventures do not aim to profit from a resource but instead aim to offset the cost of ownership by sharing and allocating resources.3 Recently, new app-based companies have popularized the term to describe their business model.4 By defining themselves as Sharing Economy companies, the app-based businesses not only represent themselves as economically efficient, but they also bypass regulation.5Using Uber Technologies, Inc. (Uber), a multi-national company that connects riders and drivers through a smartphone application (app),6 this Note explores the impact of the Sharing Economy model on the business and regulatory environment. Uber is illustrative because the company is currently facing multiple legal hurdles.7 For example, Germany, Spain, Italy, and France either have or have nearly banned Uber nationwide. 8 Domestically, various states and municipalities have struggled to define Uber's innovative model under their traditional regulatory frameworks.9 After addressing the regulatory landscape, this Note asserts that app-based companies should be identified according to the service that they administer, a new uniform framework should be established to balance innovation with public interest, and app-based companies should cooperate with regulators in developing that framework.II. BACKGROUND ON TRANSPORTATION REGULATION, UBER, AND ANTICOMPETITIVE LEGISLATIONThis Part discusses a) the history of transportation law, which shaped our current regulatory framework, and b) the relevant ways legislators label business types to associate carrier regulations. Additionally, this Part reviews c) the Uber-app's operation to understand why legislators struggle to label Uber for regulation, and d) the laws that regulate anticompetitive practice. Finally, this Part examines e) the steps some legislators have taken in the wake of Uber's current legal challenges.A. History of Transportation LawThe conflicts that led to transportation law mirror the conflicts between Uber and taxi companies today.10 The history of American transportation regulation traces back to early England.11 The Watermen, i.e., sea ferries, provided the main source of for-hire transportation in England prior to 1640, when hackney coaches began to replace them by offering lower prices and greater convenience.12 With the increase in coaches came concerns for safety.13 In response, King Charles I ordered early weight and vehicle width restrictions.14 Another drive for regulation, however, came from competing businesses.15 The Watermen experienced a tremendous loss of profit from the increased competition. 16 Anti-innovators joined the Watermen's protest opposing the coaches and calling them:one of the greatest Mischiefs that hath happened of late Years to the Kingdom, mischievous to the Publick, destructive to Trade, and prejudicial to Lands: First, By destroying the Breed of good Horses, the Strength of the Nation . . . . Secondly, By hindering the Breed of Watermen, who are . . . the Bulwark of the Kingdom. Thirdly, By lessening his Majesty's Revenues.17In 1635, the King expressly command[ed] and forb[ade] that no Hackney or hired coach be used or suffered in London, Westminster, or the suburbs thereof.18 The Watermen did not celebrate for long, however, because by 1685 the King had removed the injunction and hackney coaches were recognized and regulated like the Watermen. 19With the exception that automobiles replaced horse-drawn carriages, the New York City taxi industry in the 1900s remained largely unchanged since 17th-century England.20 Although cities and states required taxi drivers to apply for licenses, the industry was mainly unregulated. …" @default.
• W2581749856 created "2017-02-03" @default.
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• W2581749856 date "2016-03-22" @default.
• W2581749856 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2581749856 title "Sharing App or Regulation Hack(ney)?: Defining Uber Technologies, Inc" @default.
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