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• W2586887483 abstract "Grammar in Phonological Cognition: A Symposium in Honor of Paul Smolensky, Recipient of the Fifth David E. Rumelhart Prize Geraldine Legendre (legendre@cogsci.jhu.edu) Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218-2685 USA This symposium will feature four of Smolensky’s students, representing the next generation of researchers addressing phonology from various cognitive science perspectives. The focus is on the role of grammar in linguistic cognition. Spanning the spectrum encompassed by Smolensky’s research from low-level processing to abstract symbolic computation, the speakers address the emergence of discrete categories from continuous dynamical variables (Gafos), the interaction between articulatory coordination and higher- level units such as syllable positions in a phonological grammar (Davidson), the nature of inductive biases as revealed in learning of novel sound patterns (Wilson), and the role of sound changes in learning the covert sound structure of lexical items (Tesar). on how the organization of gestures into syllables interacts with phonotactic restrictions, or constraints on how sounds may be sequenced in a language. Two types of data pertaining to phonotactics are investigated: (1) experimental evidence demonstrating that English speakers manipulate gestural coordination in surprising ways when faced with non-native (phonotactically illegal) sequences, and (2) the positional distribution of consonant clusters in English. The analysis of this data illustrate that the tools of Optimality Theory, such as alignment and local conjunction (McCarthy and Prince 1993, Smolensky 1997), contribute to a comprehensive account of gestural coordination in a phonological grammar. Locality and similarity in phonological learning Nonlinear links between continuity and discreteness: transparency in vowel harmony Colin Wilson Adamantios Gafos & Stefan Benus Linguistics Department, UCLA Linguistics Department, New York University A long-standing issue is the nature and strength of the preferences, or inductive biases, that guide the learning of sound patterns. Experiments on the learning of artificial grammars containing novel patterns reveal biases in favor of local conditioning and alternation between perceptually similar sounds. Constraint-based models incorporating these factors provide a more principled account of the human data than general learning algorithms that lack such biases. A fundamental problem in spoken language is the duality between the continuous aspects of performance and the discrete aspects of phonological competence. We study a specific instance of this problem in Hungarian vowel harmony. We present a model where continuous phonetic distinctions uncovered by our experiments are linked to discrete phonological form using the mathematics of nonlinear dynamics. Phonological Contrast in Learning Phonotactics and gestural coordination in phonological grammar Bruce Tesar Linguistics Department, Rutgers University Lisa Davidson The interdependence of mappings and phonological underlying forms creates a large and complex search space for the phonological learner. This talk will argue that the learner can significantly constrain their search within that space by attending to contrasts in the surface realizations of morphemes. By looking at pairs of morphemes that surface differently in the same environment, the learner can determine things about the underlying form of each of the morphemes that cannot be determined by considering either morpheme by itself. By considering only such pairs at a time, the number of underlying forms that must be simultaneously considered is restricted, so that the learner can test different possible underlying forms for a few morphemes, avoiding the prospect of simultaneously varying the underlying forms for all of the morphemes attested in the data. Linguistics Department, New York University Research in Articulatory Phonology, which takes dynamical articulatory gestures as the basic units of phonological representation, has demonstrated that the temporal coordination of these gestures is sensitive to syllable structure (e.g. Browman and Goldstein 1995, Byrd 1996, Kochetov to appear). While these studies have determined the coordination relationships that exist between articulatory gestures within the same syllable, they do not discuss how syllabic affiliations are determined nor how languages impose restrictions on syllable formation. A gestural theory of syllable structure (Gafos 2002) requires a mechanism for determining when multiple gestures can be combined into syllabic constituents like onsets or codas. This talk focuses" @default.
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• W2586887483 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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• W2586887483 title "Grammar in Phonological Cognition: A Symposium in Honor of Paul Smolensky, Recipient of the Fifth David E. Rumelhart Prize/Phonological Contrast in Learning" @default.
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