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• W2586922228 abstract "1.INTRODUCTIONCruise passengers' expenditures, especially their volume and structure, have significant effect on profitability of cruise tourism and related industry sectors (Dwyer and Forsyth, 1998). Positive effects of cruise passengers' expenditures can be seen as direct, indirect or induced consumption effects. Direct passenger consumption effects derive from passengers' expenditures for goods and services consumed in destination of cruise that could be either city or even entire hinterland region or country. Indirect effects appear when local providers of goods and/or services, due to higher consumption, increase their own stock of goods and spread their services, consequently accelerating incomes and employment in economic activities linked to the cruise industry. Due to the higher personal incomes, householders increase their consumption as well, what implies the induced passenger consumption effects (STO, 2007). Due to cruise passenger consumption effects, mentioned above, cruise stakeholders can benefit a great deal by knowing the factors that relate or have impact on cruise passengers' expenditures and by adapting their offers to increase the volume of consumption. This will consequently increase the number of cruise passengers' and cruise industry, which will have a positive economic effect on the entire local economy. Therefore, the focus of this research is on depth analysis of demographic, geographic, psychological and travel-related characteristics of cruise passengers' expenditures in the port of call.2.THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDCruising, as addressed in this article, refers to sailing across oceans or sailing along the coasts, following certain travel plans or itineraries (Jankomin et al., 2001). Cruise ship represents all four aspects of the tourism industry: transport, accommodation, attractions and tour desk (CLIA, 2010). As an industry, cruising began to develop in the 70s' of the 20th century. In recent years, the industry was facing exceptional dynamic growth led by North American market demand. Nowadays, the largest cruise industry markets remain North America and Central America, followed by Europe, especially the Mediterranean region, Asia-Pacific and the rest of the world. Slovenia became cruise tourism destination in 2005, when the first cruise ships (18) disembarked at the port of Koper (STO, 2007). The number of cruise passengers in Koper is increasing constantly over the last 10 years and it reached 56.872 in 2015 (Luka Koper, 2016).Despite the fastest growing market of cruise tourism, this sector is forced to continuous innovations in order to stay competitive. Innovative approach requires new port destinations, new concepts of cruise ships services and entertainments, out of ship activities, new thematic products. Recently, several demand changes appeared, such as younger cohorts, families, seekers of active vacation and low income tourists participating in cruising, influencing the need for more flexible cruise offers and new thematic cruises. Cruising has also become more popular for families due to them adjusted cruises. Tourists's interest is also changing, especially through showing the need for historical and cultural entertainment and active vacations. Cruising has become more accessible for people also since the price ranges drop as the result of strong pressure of competition and economies of scale. Increase of ship sizes enables cruise companies and destinations to enjoy the benefits of economies of scale, but consequently leads also to environmental and safety concerns and accordingly to increased need for supplementary infrastructure investments (STO, 2007).Besides positive and negative effects incurred by cruise tourism on the natural and social environment, economic effect incurs as well and is shown as an increase of different types of consumption in homeports as well as in ports of call (STO, 2007). The cost-benefit analysis in the cruise industry sees the cruise passengers' expenditures as a very important variable (Brida and Risso, 2010), which is also in the focus of several researches, focused on demographic, economic, socio-cultural and other characteristics of cruise passengers. …" @default.
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• W2586922228 date "2016-12-01" @default.
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• W2586922228 title "Determinants of cruise passengers’ expenditures in the port of call" @default.
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