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- W2587542627 abstract "Oxide scale must be removed before cold drawing wire, otherwise it will causebad surface quality, inferior die life and many wire ruptures. The nature of oxide scalesand the methods of scale removal are reviewed, with particular emphasis on mechanicaldescaling. This is the major concern of the research, therefore a cantilever bending testhas been developed to assess the ease of removal of the scale on commercial steel rodsurface in the laboratory. A scanner method and a Finite Element model have beendeveloped to evaluate the critical strain for scale cracking and removal after cantileverbending. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with electron backscattereddiffraction (EBSD), energy diffraction spectrum (EDS) and X-ray element mappinganalysis, was used to characterize the scale before and/or after bending test.The effects of laying temperature, cooling conditions, ageing time, relativehumidity and temperature, and coil positions on scale cracking and removal behaviourwere studied. It was found that laying temperature has a larger effect on descalabilitythan cooling conditions. The effect of relative humidity and temperature ondescalability depended on a critical holding time. Beyond it, relative humidity andtemperature had no further effect on descalability. The higher the environmentaltemperature, the less the critical holding time. Ageing time had an effect ondescalability, but the effect was relatively small.Failure in tension started with first cracks formed at the places with high stressconcentration. As tensile strain increased, new cracks formed midway between theexisting cracks. Crack spacing stayed uniform but decreased until the scale segmentsspalled off the rod surface. The crack spacing increased with scale thickness anddecreased with strain applied. Scale cracking and spallation mechanisms incompression depended on the relative shear strength of the oxide, the buckling stabilityof the layer and the relative shear strength of the interface. Spallation always requiredthe propagation of a crack at the interface.The residual sub-layer left on the rod surface of EAF steel after the bending testwas identified as magnetite. On the same sample, copper enrichment was found at thescale/metal interface, but within the metal side, and silicon enrichment was found at thescale/metal interface, but within the scale side." @default.
- W2587542627 created "2017-02-17" @default.
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- W2587542627 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W2587542627 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2587542627 title "The structure and properties of mill scale in relation to easy removal" @default.
- W2587542627 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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