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- W2588200772 abstract "Michael J. Ferns and Zach W. Hall Department of Physiology School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California 94143-0444 Synaptogenesis occurs through an extended interplay be- tween ceils-initiated by the first contact of an axonal growth cone with the surface of a postsynaptic cell (“the protoplasmic kiss” of Cajal) and culminating in the estab- lishment of a mature synapse (“the final ecstasy of an epic love story”). The initial interaction between the pre- and postsynaptic cells triggers a series of events that locally alters the structures of both cells to form a stable synapse, which is then maintained over the lifetime of the organism and, in some cases, can be reformed efficiently after injury. At the neuromuscular junction, where the process has been best studied, the first discernible step in synaptic specialization is the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the postsynaptic membrane underneath the nerve terminal. Experiments with cultured cells almost 15 years ago demonstrated that these clusters are induced by the nerve and arise in part by the redistribution of AChRs on the muscle cell surface (Anderson and Cohen, 1977; Frank and Fischbach, 1979). Later experiments have shown that increased local synthesis of the AChR also contributes to the nerve-induced clusters. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the redistribu- tion of AChRs in the postsynaptic membrane are still un- known, recent experiments identify a clustering agent that is secreted by the nerve and offer tantalizing clues about how it works. Agrin, the clustering agent, was discovered after experi- ments on the frog neuromuscular junction had demon- strated that the synaptic basal lamina contains a factor that directs AChR clustering in regenerating muscle. When muscle fibers are damaged, the fusion of mono-" @default.
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- W2588200772 date "1992-01-01" @default.
- W2588200772 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2588200772 title "How Many Agrins Does It Take to Make a Synapse? Minireview" @default.
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