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• W2588307712 abstract "Dillon J. Besser*I. INTRODUCTIONCollege sports and American culture are intertwined. Approximately 420,000 young adults in about 1000 member institutions are now a part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).1 While most be going pro in something other than sports,2 no one can deny the impact that collegiate athletics have on students. Countless students have needed nonrevenue intercollegiate sports to make it.One example comes from William Jewell College, a small but wellrespected liberal arts institution in Liberty, Missouri.3 William Jewell Athletic Director Darlene Bailey recounted the story of a student-athlete who graduated in December 2014.4 School-sponsored athletics are not often the reason that an individual ends up at a school like William Jewell, which competes in the NCAA's Division II.5 Yet this particular student-athlete came to the school after being discarded from a larger university due to underwhelming grades and lack of playing time.6 The coaching staff for this young man's non-revenue producing sport at William Jewell gave him another shot at higher education, supplemented by an athletic scholarship.7 He struggled through poor grades his first year but wanted to be there because he was getting the chance to play college sports.8 The coaching staff and Dr. Bailey took care to ensure that he was not in the highly academic environment.s The young man seized the opportunity and remained eligible every semester.10 After completing a strong student-athlete career, this student-athlete will realize the prize of a college degree.11 This would not have happened without college athletic programs for non-revenue sports and scholarships that draw individuals to a school like William Jewell.The NCAA has become big business.12 Yet the value for the forgotten athletes-those not seen on ESPN every Saturday in the fall or at the men's basketball tournament every March-is comprised completely of the experience of four to six years of competing in athletics while working to obtain a college degree. The 2014 district court decision in O'Bannon v. NCAA indicated that all college sports are not equal in economic value.13 The District Court for the Northern District of California determined that former Division I men's basketball player Ed O'Bannon and the plaintiff-players identified . . . less restrictive alternatives for . . . preserving the popularity of the NCAA's product; for example, schools could award cost-of-attendance stipends or hold in trust limited-revenue shares for the players.14 The court also held that the NCAA had violated antitrust law andenjoin[ed] the NCAA from enforcing any rules or bylaws that would prohibit its member schools and conferences from offering their [Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)] football or Division I basketball recruits a limited share of the revenues generated from the use of their names, images, and likenesses in addition to a full grant-inaid.15The NCAA appealed, and about 13 months later, the Ninth Circuit accepted the vast majority of the district court's fact-finding.16 The three judge panel agreed that the NCAA had violated antitrust law and injured the plaintiffs by foreclose [ing] the market for their [name, image, and likeness].17 As discussed in Part III.A, the Ninth Circuit determined that the NCAA's rules were subject to antitrust scrutiny18 and examined the NCAA subject to the Rule of Reason.19 The Ninth Circuit disagreed, however, with the district court in one of the remedies for the plaintiffs. While the opinion agreed with the district court's decision to enjoin the NCAA from prohibiting cost-of-attendance scholarships, the Court of Appeals vacated the district court's decision to enjoin the NCAA from prohibiting its member schools to pay [the] deferred compensation because the trust payments would be untethered to their education expenses.20The O'Bannon case trajectory, along with some slight tweaks in NCAA governance in recent years, suggests that institutions are likely going to rearrange their budgets to pump even more money into a select few of their school-sponsored sports. …" @default.
• W2588307712 created "2017-02-24" @default.
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• W2588307712 date "2016-07-01" @default.
• W2588307712 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2588307712 title "The Forgotten Party in O'Bannon V. National Collegiate Athletic Association: How Non-Revenue Sports Operate in a Changing Intercollegiate Marketplace" @default.
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