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• W2589219962 abstract "Organic farming is commonly regarded as a system improving vegetable quality. The aim of work was to analyse the effects of the organic methods on the vegetable quality during its production and storage on the way to the consumer. Therefore the nutritive, sensory and storage quality of carrots and potatoes from organic farms has been compared to the crops quality from conventional farms. It was found that organic vegetables had lower yields, but most of their nutritive, sensory and storage quality attributes were better than in the conventional crops. It should be emphasised that lower level of nitrates and simultaneously higher content of vitamin C in organic potatoes can have an important anti-carcinogenic impact on human organism. Organic vegetables more readily comply with food requirements for infants and small babies and should be recommended for baby foods. Organic farming can be considered as a system providing good conditions to improve the vegetable quality. Nevertheless there are many possibilities to ameliorate the methods of cultivation and storage of organic crops to obtain better production and qualitative results. INTRODUCTION Organic farming is more and more popular in Europe and other parts of the world. One of the reasons is growing consumer demand for safe and controlled foodstuffs. Organic food is produced under controlled conditions according to the guidelines of EEC Council Regulation no 2092/91. Organic plant products are produced without synthetic pesticides and mineral fertilisers, but with application of the natural animal manure, composts, green manure and diversified rotation. Certification in the organic farming means that a control unit testifies the product as produced according to the accepted rules and production system (EEC Council Regulation no 2092/91). Organic farming can be regarded as a system to improve vegetable quality. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of the organic methods on the vegetable quality during its production and storage on the way to the consumer. Therefore the nutritive, sensory and storage quality of carrots and potatoes from the organic farms has been compared to the crops quality from conventional farms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultivation ‘Monanta’ and ‘Regulska’ carrots were cultivated in ten organic farms certified by EKOLAND (Society of the Organic Producers in Poland), located in Torun and Plock provinces and in ten conventional farms, using large volume of agri-chemicals located in Warszawa province and producing for big metropolitan market. Organic carrots were fertilised mostly with compost 30 t/ ha. Conventional carrots were fertilised mostly with mineral fertilisers in a range 200-780 kg NPK/ ha. ‘Bryza’, ‘Sokol’, ‘Ania’ and ‘Anielka’ potatoes cultivars were produced under the same fertilizer regime as described above, on ten organic farms located in Torun and Plock provinces. They were fertilised with compost or cow manure at a rate ranging from Proc. Int. Conf. Quality in Chains Eds. Tijskens & Vollebregt Acta Hort. 604, ISHS 2003 474 ten tons per hectare to forty tons per hectare depending on the farm. Identical potato cultivars were cultivated in conventional farms located in the close neighbourhood of the organic farms in Torun and Plock provinces. Potato fields were fertilised with 350 kg NPK/ha in proportion 1:1:1,5. METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES All chemical analyses were carried out for the tuber flash, i.e. with peeled carrots and potatoes. Randomly selected 10 tubers or 10 carrot roots were peeled and homogenized. The following methods were used to determine: dry matter ISO 1026 Standard [1982]; nitrates and nitrites ISO 6635.2 Standard [1984]; cadmium and lead ISO standards [1983] and [1984]; Ca, K and Mg flame photometry method; total sugars in carrots Polish Standard PN 90/A-75101/07; s carotene Polish Standard PN 90/A – 75101/12; vitamin C ISO standard [1984]; starch Krelowska-Kulas (1993); total proteins application note nr 3112. All determinations were made in duplicate or triplicate in the case of doubts. Method of sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation of carrots and potatoes was made using the hedonic method (Jellinek 1985). We used a graphic scale with 9 word definitions of desire’s intensity. An untrained panel of 100 students was used to obtain objective sensory results. Method of storage quality evaluation The evaluation of potato tubers’ quality after storage period was conducted according to Polish Standard PN – 82/R-74456. Statistical calculations Calculations were conducted by means of the specialist computer software SAS. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Yield and nutritive quality of carrots and potatoes under different cultivation methods The average yield of ‘Monanta’ carrots was higher by 33% on organic than conventional farms, but the difference was statistically insignificant (Table 1). Lindner (1991) found a 10 % lower yield in the organic carrot production. Organic carrots contained 4 times fewer nitrates and 46 % less nitrites than conventional ones (Table 1). Lindner (1991) found 47 % less nitrates in organic carrots. Many authors (e.g. Kolbe et al. 1995) emphasise that plants quickly assimilate easy soluble and available mineral fertilisers and accumulate nitrate ions in plant tissues. Properly applied organic fertilisation causes lower accumulation of the nitrates in plant tissues (Vogtmann 1985). The content of lead was similar in organic and conventional carrots, but the content of cadmium was almost 3 times higher in organic carrots. However, the level of heavy metals was generally low in all samples. The contents of mineral compounds (Ca, K, and Mg) were similar in organic and conventional carrot. Leclerc et al. (1991) found more K (and P) but less Ca in organic carrot. Organic carrots contained less s-carotene and more total sugars, but the differences were statistically insignificant. Leclerc et al. (1991) and Zadoks (1989) found a higher content of s-carotene in organic carrots, but Abele (1987) did not find any clear difference in this respect. The average yield of the organic potatoes was significantly lower compared to the conventional potatoes. In better soils some authors found comparable yield of organic and conventional potatoes (Abele 1987) or even higher yield of organic potatoes (Kolbe et al. 1995). The content of dry matter was as a rule higher in organic potatoes. Kolbe et al. (1995) and Schulz (2000) found also significantly higher content of dry matter in organic potatoes." @default.
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• W2589219962 date "2003-07-01" @default.
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• W2589219962 title "ORGANIC FARMING AS A SYSTEM TO PROVIDE BETTER VEGETABLE QUALITY" @default.
• W2589219962 doi "https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.604.52" @default.
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